Antibiotics Flashcards
(25 cards)
Quinolones
Ciprofloxacin
Norfloxacin
Moxifloxacin
Mechanism of action of quinolones
Inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase and Topoisomerase IV which cause DNA unwinding
Quinolones side effects
GI upset Neuro upset Tendonitis, achilles tendon rupture QT prolongation Rashes and photosensitivity Drug interactions
MRSA resistance mechanism
- PBP 2a
- Beta lactamase
Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance
- Change binding site
- Change permeability - porins, wall structure
- Destructive enzymes
- Active removal of antibiotics
1st generation Cephalosporin
Staph and strep, some gram neg
Cephazolin, cephalexin, cephalothin
2nd generation Cephalosporin
Staph, strep, some gram neg, haemophilus
Cefuroxime, cefaclor
2nd Generation cephalosporin - anaerobes
Anaerobes
Cefoxitin
3rd Generation cephalosporin without
Less staph aureus, enteric gram neg, good CSF penetration
Ceftriaxone, cefotaxime
3rd Generation cephalosporin with
Less staph aureus, enteric gram neg, good CSF penetration, pseudomonas
Ceftazidime
4th Generation cphalosporin
Staph aureus, enteric gram neg, good CSF penetration, psudomonas
Cefepime
Aminoglycosides
Gentamicin Amikacin Streptomycin Tobamicin Neomycin Paromomycin
Aminoglycoside mechanism of action
Diffuses through the outer layers of Gram Neg bacteria then is actively transported across the inner membrane. Here is binds to the 30S subunit of ribosome altering protein synthesis
Adverse effects of aminoglycosides
Ototoxicity - auditory and vestibular Nephrotoxicity Neuromuscular blockade Anaphylaxis Peripheral neuropathy
Lincosamides
Clindamycin
Lincomycin
Mechanism of lincosamides
Inhibits protein synthesis via binding to 50S subunit
Spectrum of lincosamide
Gram Positive, anaerobes - NO Gram Neg
Macrolides
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Erythromycin
Roxithromycin
Mechanism of macrolides
Inhibits protein synthesis by 50S ribosome subunit
Adverse effects Macrolides
Prolonged QTc
Inhibit P450 (erytheromycin and clarithromycin)
Ototoxicity
GI upset
Tetracyclines
Doxycycline
Minocycline
Tigecycline
Mechanism of tetracyclines
Inhibit protein synthesis via 50S ribosomal subunit
When should doxycycline not be used
Less than; 8 years because of decreased bone growth and discolouration of teeth
Glycopeptides
Vancomycin
Ticoplanin
