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Microbiology > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

How do beta lactams work?

A

Inhibit cell wall synthesis

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2
Q

Give 3 groups of beta lactams

A
  1. Penicillins
  2. Cephalosporins
  3. Carbapenems
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3
Q

Give 3 examples of penicillins

A
  1. Benzyl penicillin
  2. Flucloxacillin
  3. Amoxicillin
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4
Q

What does benzyl penicillin treat

A

Pneumonia, meningitis and Strep infections

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5
Q

What does flucloxacillin treat?

A

Staph aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes

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6
Q

What does amoxicillin treat?

A

UTIs, respiratory tract infections and Listeria monocytogenes

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7
Q

Give 2 examples of cephalosporins

A
  1. Cefuroxime

2. Cephalexin

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8
Q

What do cefuroxime and cephalexin treat?

A

Staph aureus, Streptococci infections and Neisseria

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9
Q

Give 2 examples of carbapenems

A
  1. Imiperiem

2. Etrapapenem

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10
Q

What do carbapenems treat?

A

Enterobacteria

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11
Q

What is the MOA of Beta Lactams

A

They prevent penicillin binding protein crosslinking to peptidoglycan chains so the cell wall cannot form and the bacteria are lysed.

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12
Q

How do glycopeptides work?

A

Inhibit cell wall synthesis

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13
Q

Give 2 examples of glycopeptides

A
  1. Vanomycin

2. Teicoplanin

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14
Q

What do vancomycin and teicoplanin treat?

A

Severe Staph infections (MRSA!!)

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15
Q

Give an example of an antibiotic that inhibits folate synthesis?

A
  1. Trimethoprim
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16
Q

What is the MOA for trimethoprim and sulfonamides

A

By inhibiting folate synthesis they inhibit DNA synthesis

17
Q

What is trimethoprim used to treat?

A

UTIs, prostasitis and acute/chronic bronchitis

18
Q

How do quinolones work?

A

Inhibit DNA gyrase

19
Q

Give 2 examples of quinolones

A
  1. Ciprofloxacin

2. Levofloxacin

20
Q

What ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin used to treat?

A

Strep viridans, Strep pyogenes and pseudomonas

21
Q

How does rifampicin work?

A

It binds to RNA polymerase and therefore inhibits nucleic acid synthesis

22
Q

What does Rifampicin treat?

A

(1/4 TB) Staph infections, Strep infections

23
Q

Give 2 examples of macrolides

A
  1. Clarithomycin

2. Erythromycin

24
Q

MOA for macrolides

A

Binds to the 50S subunit therefore inhibiting translation steps of protein synthesis

25
Q

What do macrolides treat?

A

Strep pneumoniae, Staph aureus, Legionella and Chlamydia

26
Q

Give 2 examples of tetracyclines

A
  1. Doxycycline

2. Tetracycline

27
Q

MOA for tetracyclines

A

Bind to a 30s subunit therefore inhibiting mRNA translocation

28
Q

What is doxycycline and tetracycline used to treat?

A

BROAD SPECTRUM ABS, Strep. viridans, Staph aureus and Strep pyogenes

29
Q

Give 2 examples of aminoglycosides

A
  1. Gentamicin

2. Streptamicin

30
Q

MOA of aminoglycosides

A

Bind to the 30s subunit and therefore the genetic code is misread

31
Q

What does gentamicin treat?

A

Staph. aureus, Gram -ve bacilli and sepsis

32
Q

What does streptomicin treat?

A

TB

Microbiology (4 decks)

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