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Antibiotics Flashcards

(80 cards)

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1
Q

Trimethoprim can be given safely in pregnancy. True or false?

A

False

- it inhibits folic acid synthesis

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2
Q

Avoid trimethoprim during which months of pregnancy?

A

First 3 months

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3
Q

What is trimethoprim commonly used to treat?

A

UTI

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4
Q

Trimethoprim treats a range of organisms. However, which organism does it not treat?

A

Pseudomonas

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5
Q

What are the components of co-trimoxazole

A

Sulphamethoxazole + trimethoprim

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6
Q

Which antibiotic carries a risk of developing Steven Johntson syndrome

A

Co-trimoxazole

- sulphamethoxazole part

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7
Q

Nitrofurantoin is commonly used to treat?

A

UTI

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8
Q

Nitrofurantoin can treat upper and lower UTI. True or false?

A

False

- only treats lower UTI

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9
Q

When should you avoid using nitrofurantoin?

A

Late pregnancy
Breast feeding
Children < 3 months

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10
Q

Nitrofurantoin treats a variety of organisms. However, name 2 organisms common in UTI that it does not treat?

A

Proteus

Pseudomonas

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11
Q

Amoxicillin is safe in pregnancy. True or false?

A

True

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12
Q

Cefalexin is safe to use in pregnancy. True or false?

A

True

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13
Q

Which type of organisms are lactose fermenters?

A

Coliforms

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14
Q

What is the function of ESBLs?

A

Makes bacteria resistant to all cephlasporins and most penicillins
- therefore, you are very restricted to which antibiotics are sensitive to the patient

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15
Q

If a patient has ESBLs what can you treat them with?

A

Nitrofurantoin

Meropenem

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16
Q

CPE are resistant to all meropenem. True or false?

A

True

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17
Q

Which organism’s culture smells like burnt chocolte?

A

Proteus

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18
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a coliform. True to false?

A

False

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19
Q

Management of pseudomonas?

A

Ciprofloxacin

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20
Q

Antibiotic of choice for anaerobes?

A

Metronidazole

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21
Q

Which drug is used for gram -ve organisms if gentamicin is contra-indicated?

A

Astreolam

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22
Q

Carbapenems are active against ESBL producers. True or false?

A

True

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23
Q

Management of staph aureus

A

Flucloxacilin

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24
Q

Where do penicillins act?

A

Bacterial cell wall

-only work in gram +ve organisms

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25
Penicillin contains a betalactam ring?
True
26
Penicillin is not safe in pregnancy. True or false?
False | - safe in pregnancy
27
Which 2 drugs make up co-amoxiclav
Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid - beta lactamase inhibitor - if organisms contain beta lactamase in order to break down the beta lactam ring then co-amoxiclav will still be effective as it inhibits the beta lactamase
28
What is the function of beta lactamase
Destroys the antibiotics beta lactam ring and makes the antibiotic ineffective
29
Name 3 antibiotic classes that contain a beta lactam ring in their structure
Penicillins Carbapenems Cephlasporins
30
What is the IV form of penicillin ?
Benzylpenicillin
31
Which antibiotic is used in MRSA?
Vancomycin
32
Give an example of a glycopeptide
Vancomycin
33
Name 3 macrolides
Erythromycin Clarithromycin Azithromycin
34
Which macrolide is safe in pregnancy?
Erythromycin
35
Name an example of an aminoglycoside
Gentamicin
36
Treatment of choice for coliforms?
Gentamicin
37
Cephlasporins are safe to use in pregnancy. True or false?
True
38
Name 2 tetracycline antibiotics
Clindamycin | Doxycycline
39
Name an example of a quinolone
Ciprofloxacin
40
Name the 4 C’s
Co-amoxiclav Clindamycin Ciprofloxacin - and all other quinolone Cephlasporins
41
Alcohol can be taken with metronidazole. True or false?
False
42
What is the treatment of choice for a strep infection?
Penicillin
43
Sepsis - antibiotics
Amoxicillin (for gram +ve organisms) + Metronidazole (for anaerobes) + Gentamicin (for gram -ve organisms) Antibiotics are for 10-14 days
44
COPD exacerbation. First line antibiotic
Amoxicillin 5 days
45
COPD exacerbation. 2nd line management
Doxycycline 5 days
46
Management of TB
2RIPE4RI 2 months rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol 4 months rifampicin, isoniazid
47
This drug stains bodily fluids orange
Rifampicin
48
This drug used in the treatment of TB can lead to optic problems
Ethambutol
49
Which drug used in the treatment of TB causes hepatitis and joint pains
Pyrazinamide
50
Which drug in the treatment of TB can result in neuropathies, hepatitis
Isoniazide
51
Management of epiglottitis
Ceftriaxone
52
Bordatella pertussis management
Macrolides | - only indicated in the first 21 days
53
Mild CAP (score 0-2) treatment
Amoxicillin (or doxycycline)
54
Severe CAP (3-5) management
Co-amoxiclav (IV) + clarithromycin OR | Co-amoxiclav (IV) + doxycycline
55
HAP management mild
Amoxicillin (oral) + metronidazole
56
HAP severe management
Amoxicillin (IV) + metronidazole + gentamicin
57
Management of most atypical pneumonia’s
Macrolides
58
Management of pneumocystis pneumonia
Co-trimoxazole
59
Management of chlamydial conjunctivitis
Topical oxytetracycline
60
Management of bacterial conjunctivitis
Chloramphenicol
61
Management of bacterial keratitis
Hourly drops of oflxacin
62
Staph aureus endocarditis management
IV flucloxacillin
63
Staph epidermidis (prosthetic valve) management
IV vancomycin IV gentamicin PO rifampicin
64
Strep viridans (sub acute) endocarditis management
IV amoxicillin | IV gentamicin
65
Management of MRSA infective endocarditis
IV gentamicin PO rifampicin IV vancomycin
66
Strep pyogenes management
Penicillin
67
Name 3 classes of bactericidal antibiotics
penicillins cephlasporins Glycopeptides
68
Penicillins are excreted via which organ?
Kidneys
69
Cephlasporins are excreted via which organ(s)?
Kidney | Urine
70
Route of administration for vancomycin
IV
71
Glycopeptides have activity against both gram +ve and gram -ve organisms. True or false?
False | - only have activity against gram +ve organisms
72
Name 2 antibiotic classes that inhibit protein synthesis
Aminoglycocides | Macrolides
73
Which class of antibiotic is used for treating legionella infection?
Macrolides (clarithromycin, erythromycin, azithromycin)
74
Name the most common aminoglycoside
Gentamicin
75
Which antibiotic can cause damage to CN8 ?
Gentamicin
76
When in pregnancy is trimethoprim UNSAFE to use?
In first trimester
77
Which antibiotic is known for interacting with alcohol?
Metronidazole
78
Which antibiotic is known for causing deafness/dizziness?
Gentamicin
79
Mitronidazole is safe/unsafe in pregnancy?
Safe after first trimester
80
Gentamicin is safe/unsafe in pregnancy?
Unsafe

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