1. ) Staph 2. ) Strept 3. ) Enterococcus 4. ) Listeria 5. ) Propionbacterium 6. ) Corynebacterium (diptheria) 7. ) Clostridium 8. ) Tetanus, Botulism 9. ) Bacillus anthracis

Antibiotics Flashcards by Brooke Offhaus

List Gram + Bacteria

) Staph
) Strept
) Enterococcus
) Listeria
) Propionbacterium
) Corynebacterium (diptheria)
) Clostridium
) Tetanus, Botulism
) Bacillus anthracis

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List Gram Negative Bacteria

Just about Everything Else

) Neisseria gonorrhoeae
) Neisseria menngitidis
) E Coli, Shigella, Campylobactor
) Salmonella, Pasturella
) Rickettsia, Borrelia
) Proteus, Pseudomonas, Legionella

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List atypical Gram Negative Bacteria

Mycoplasma
H.Flu
M.Cat
Legionella

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List Staphylococcus Gram Positive Bacteria

Staphylococcus aureus (skin)
MSSA (Staphylococcus aureus) (skin)
MRSA (staphylococcus aureus (skin)
Staph saprophyticus (UTI, Vagina)
Staph epidermis (skin)

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What are the Gram Positive Streptococcus Bacteria

Strept pyogens (throat)
Strept pneumoniae (lungs)
Strept viridans (dental abscess, endocarditis)
Strept agalactiae (Group B Strept)

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What are the 2 Concepts of “Empiric Treatment”

) Consider the difference between Gram Positive and Gram Negative Bacteria
) Consider Beta Lactam Ring

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Define the meaning of “Beta Lactam”

) An antibiotic with a beta-lactam ring

2. ) All PCN and Cephalosporins

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When prescribing PCN or Cephalosporin what 2 Points are ALWAYS considered?

) Hx of Allergic reactions

2. ) Beta Lactamase antibiotic

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Can patients with allergy to PCN take a Cephalosporin

) Consider patient allergy to PCN
) Both PCN and Cephalo share beta lactamase but allergy to PCN is an allergy to the “pink pentagon” component of the PCN molecule. This differs from the “blue hexagon” of the cephalo molecule
) 90-98% of PCN allergy pts are allergic to the “pink pentagon” AND can safely take cephalosporin
) 2-10% of PCN allergy patients are ALSO allergic to the “blue hexagon” on the cephalo molecule therefore are allergic to both

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What are “Amelie’s Rules” for Prescribing a Cephalosporin

) NEVER give cephalo if PCN allergy was anaphylaxis
) Don’t give cephalo if PCN reaction was hives
) GIVE cephalo is PCN reaction was morbilliform rash

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This rash is…
Maculopapular or macular with fixed lesions and expands over several days
Itches
Prevalent most in kids
Most common with aminopenicillins (amox & ampicillin)

Morbiilliform Rash

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This rash is usually T Cell mediated
This rash may arise after concurrent viral infections
Unknown mechanism of occurence

Morbilliform Rash

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This is an enzyme in which bacteria know how to produce

Beta-Lactamase

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What does Beta-Lactamase Do?

Beta Lactamase destroys the beta-lactam ring of the antibiotic

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What Bacteria are PCNs USED for..

Gram +
NOT Staphylococcus
Strep Groups: A,B,C,G
Enterococcus
Strept pneumonaie
Drug Resistant Strep Pneumo (DRSP)
Botulism (wound, not food)

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Describe Extended Spectrum PENICILLINS

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Augmentin (Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid)
Gram + and Gram Negatives
NOT MRSA
Yes Beta Lactamase

List the Bacteria that Augmentin is SENSITIVE to

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Gram +
Strep Group A,B,C,G
Enterococcus
Strept pneumoniae
DRSP
MSSA

Gram Neg
H. Flu, M. Cat.,
E.coli, Neisseria,
Cornybacterium diptheria

Bactrim is what type of Antibiotic

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Sulfonamide

What Bacteria is Bactrim Sensitive to?

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Gram Negatives… NOT Strept, NOT e coli

Gram +….. Staph: MSSA, MRSA, CA-MRSA

Name 3 common tetracyclines

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Doxycycline, Minocycline and Vibramycin

List Gram Neg Bacteria that tetracycline in sensitive to

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Atypical Gram Neg (mycoplasma, M Cat)

H Flu, E Coli, Legionella, Chlamydophila, Rickettsia)

List Gram + bacteria tetracycline sensitive to

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MSSA & CA-MRSA

Doxy & Mino *** Good choice for atypical pathogens and lower resp. tract pathogens

Describe 1st Generation Cephalosporin & what Bacteria is sensitive to?

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Cephalexin (Keflex), Cefadroxil (Duricef)

Gram +
Staph MSSA
Strept

Describe 2nd Generation Cephalosporin & what Bacteria is sensitive to?

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Cefuroxime (Ceftin), Cefaclor (Ceclor) & Cefprozil (Cefzil)

Gram +
Staph MSSA
Streptococcus

Gram Neg
H Flu, E. Coli,
proteus mirabilis

Describe 3rd Generation Cephalosporin & what Bacteria is sensitive to?

Ceftibuten (Cedax) & Cefixime (Suprax) Weak Gram + Strept Groups Not Staph Gram Neg H Flu, M Cat, E Coli Klebsiella, Salmonella and Shigella

Describe Extended Spectrum 3rd Generation & What Bacteria is Sensitive to?

Ceftriaxone (Rocephin), Cefdinir (Omnicef), Cefpodoxime (Vantin) & Cefditoren (Spectracef) AND Beta Lactamase Producers Gram + Strept Staph:MSSA Gram Neg: H Flu, M. Cat, E. Coli, Salmonella, Shigella & Proteus mirabilis

Describe early Generation Macrolide and Bacteria Sensitive to?

Erythromycin Atypical Pathogens NOT Staph, Not Strept, Not Enterococcus Listeria Gram Neg: M. Cat, Legionella, Chlamydophilia, Mycoplasma

Describe Later Generation Macrolide and Bacteria Sensitive to

Azithromycin (Zithromax), Clarithromycin (Biaxin) Atypical Pathogens ``` Gram + NOT Strept NOT Enterococcus Staph: MSSA Listeria ``` Gram Neg: M. Cat, Legionella, Chlamydophilia, Mycoplasma

Describe 2nd Generation Fluoroquinolones and Bacteria Sensitive to..

Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) Gram Neg: M. Cat., H. Flu, E Coli, Legionella, Chlamydophila, Mycoplasma, Klebsiella, Anthrax, Other Gram Neg. Gram + Staph MSSA NOT Strept Not Enterococcus

Describe Respiratory Fluoroquinolones 3rd generation and Bacteria Sensitive to...

Levofloxacn (Levaquin) Gram + Staph MSSA Listeria Gram Neg. Strept: all, M. Cat, H. flu, E. Coli, Legionella, Chlamydophila, Mycoplasma, Klebsiella, +/- pseudomonas

Describe Fluoroquinolones 4th Generation and Bacteria Sensitive to...

Moxifloxacin (Avelox), Gemifloxacin (Factive) & Gatifloxacin (Zymar ophth) ``` Gram + Staph: MSSA Listeria Not URINARY pathogens DRSP ``` ``` Gram Neg (above the belt) Strep: All Spec., M. Cat, H. Flu, E. coli, Legionella, Chlamydophila, Mycoplasma, Klebsiella ``` Atypical Pathogens **GI Pathogen Coverage

Describe Miscellaneous antibiotic that concentrate in bladder and Bacteria Sensitive to

Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid) Urinary Pathogens Gram + MSSA CA-MRSA (Usually) Streptococcus Gram Neg: E.coli

Describe Miscellaneous Antibiotic and Bacteria Sensitive to | *Hint: Anaerobes only

Metronidazole (Flagyl) C Diff Clostridium sp. **Clostridium is gram +

Describe the antibiotic that can be used for Gram +, Gram Neg, Aerobes and Anaerobes

``` Lincosamide (Clindamycin) Gram + MSSA, CA-MRSA (Usually) Streptococcus ```

This is a misc. antibiotic that is used for Gram + Bacteria only

``` Linezolid (Zyvox) Gram + MSSA MRSA CA-MRSA Streptococcus Enterococcus Listeria ```

What is the antibiotic that is a Glycopeptide and what Bacteria Sensitive to **Hint Sensitive to Anaerobes

Vancomycin ``` Gram + MSSA MRSA CA-MRSA (Usually) Streptococcus ``` Gram Neg. C. difficile (oral)

Antibiotics Flashcards

Memorize the key concepts of antibiotics when prescribing. Learning specific antibiotic classes, bacteria and identify which antibiotics or which bacterial infections. (36 cards)