Antibiotics Flashcards Preview

Microbiology > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Flashcards in Antibiotics Deck (23)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Name B-lactam antibiotics

A

Pencillins - penicillin, flucloxacillin, amoxicillin, piperacillin/tazobactam
Cephalosporins - ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, carbepenems

2
Q

How do B-lactam antibiotics work?

A

Stop crosslinking of peptidoglycan and cause autolysins to degrade cell wall (bactericidal)

3
Q

What is the coverage of B-lactams?

A

Gram positive

Some gram -ve

4
Q

Name glycopeptides

A

Vancomycin

Teicoplanin

5
Q

How do glycopeptides work?

A

Enter cell and bind to PG precursor molcule so they cannot be crosslinked - weak cell wall results in osmolysis (bactericidal)

6
Q

What is the coverage of glycopeptides?

A

Gram positive only

7
Q

Name macrolides

A

Erythromycin,azithromycin, clarythromycin

8
Q

How do macrolides work?

A

Pass through cell membrane and act on ribosomes to prevent peptide bonds being formed (bacteristatic)

9
Q

Name aminoglycosides

A

Gentamicin

10
Q

How do aminoglycosides work?

A

Bind to ribosome causing misreading of mRNA codon and insertion of wrong amino acid onto protein (bactericidal)

11
Q

What are aminoglycosides effective against?

A

Gram negative aerobic organisms

12
Q

What are macrolides used for?

A

Infections where bacteria ‘hide’ from immune system (legionella)
Bacteria without a proper cell wall (mycoplasma, chlamydia)

13
Q

Name tetracyclines

A

Doxycycline

14
Q

How do tetracyclines work?

A

Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes (bacteristatic)

15
Q

What are tetracyclines used for?

A

Bacteria without a proper cell wall

Infections in penicillin-allergic patients

16
Q

How does metronidazole work?

A

Strand breakage of DNA (bactericidal)

17
Q

What does metronidazole cover?

A

True anaerobes - clostridium, bacteriodes

18
Q

How does trimethoprim work?

A

Inhibits bacterial folic acid synthesis

19
Q

What does trimethoprim cover?

A

Gram negatives and some gram positive

20
Q

Name fluoroquinolones

A

Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin

21
Q

How do fluoroquinolones work?

A

Interact with topoisomerases responsible for DNA coiling (bactericidal)

22
Q

What is the coverage of fluoroquinolones?

A

Broad spectrum

23
Q

What are the 4 Cs? (Broad spectrum antibiotics)

A

Ciprofloxacin (and levofloxacin)
Cephalosporins (ceftriaxone, cefixime)
Co-amoxiclav
Clindamycin