Antibiotics

Question 1

Chlamydia

Answer 1

Gram negative

Treat with EES

Question 2

EES/Azithromycin

Answer 2

Macrolide
Chlamydia
Pertussis

Question 3

Toxic Shock Syndrome

Answer 3

Staph aureus or Streptococcus pyrogens

Treat with Nafcillin or PCN and Clindamycin- possibly Vanc for MRSA

Question 4

Nafcillin/Oxacillin

Answer 4

Penicillin (beta-lactam)
Narrow spectrum gram +
Used for staphylococcal infections
TSS, endocarditis,

Question 5

Clindamycin

Answer 5

Lincosomide
Covers some gram + organisms including MRSA and streptococcus
Also, some gram -
Used in combination with other bactericidal abx to inhibit toxin synthesis

Question 6

Vancomycin

Answer 6

Glycopeptide
Treats gram + bacteria- MRSA
C. diff when Flagyl fails
Oto and nephrotoxic

Question 7

Rheumatic Fever

Answer 7

Occurs after group A strep throat infection

Treat with PCN V or PCN G, ASA

Question 8

PCN G

Answer 8

Gram + organisms
G is for “gold standard” PCN
Not given orally
Some gram - covered like Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis

Question 9

PCN V

Answer 9

Gram + organisms, specifically against streptococcus pyrogens
Given orally
Given as prophylaxis as well

Question 10

Retropharyngeal abscess

Answer 10

Usually caused by S. aureus/GBS, but can be caused by other organisms as well
In the real world, treated with broad spectrum antibiotics (clinda, zosyn, etc), but for the test. probably, Nafcillin

Question 11

Zosyn (piperacillin/tazobactam)

Answer 11

Combo extended spectrum PCN
Covers many gram + and - organisms, including pseudomonas
Used for pneumonias and peritonitis

Question 12

Peritonsillar abscess

Answer 12

Usually caused by GBS

Treat with PCN G

Question 13

Epiglottitis

Answer 13

Usually caused by Haemophilus influenzae (gram -)

Treat with ceftriaxone

Question 14

Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)

Answer 14

3rd generation cephalosporin

Broad-spectrum against many gram + and - organisms

Question 15

Croup

Answer 15

Caused by parainfluenza virus- no abx!

Question 16

Bronchiolitis

Answer 16

Caused by RSV, adenovirus, influenza, parainfluenza

No abx!

Question 17

Endocarditis

Answer 17

Multiple causes- S. aureus, S. viridians, enterococci (gm +)

Treat with Nafcillin and gentamicin or vanc (for MRSA) x 4-6 weeks

Question 18

Gentamicin

Answer 18

Aminoglycoside
Oto and nephrotoxic
Mostly gram - organisms (some gram +)
Pseudomonas, serratia, proteus, (all gm -) and staphylococcus

Question 19

CMV

Answer 19

Virus

Treat with Ganciclovir

Question 20

E.coli

Answer 20

Gram -

Treat with ceftriaxone

Question 21

C. diff

Answer 21

Anaerobic, gram +

Treat with Flagyl

Question 22

H. flu

Answer 22

Gram -
Treat with cefotaxime
Nafcillin/oxacillin may be used

Question 23

Neisseria meningitidis

Answer 23

Gram -

Treat with PCN G and/or 3rd generation cephalosporin

Question 24

Cefotaxime

Answer 24

3rd generation cephalosporin
Broad spectrum against gram + and - organisms
Does not cover pseudomonas

Question 25

Mycoplasma

Answer 25

Lacks a cell wall | Treat with azithromycin

Question 26

Pertussis

Answer 26

Gram - | Treat with azithromycin

Question 27

Septic Shock- What empiric abx to use for neonates and children?

Answer 27

Neonates- Amp/Gent | Children- Ceftriaxone/Vanc

Question 28

Ampicillin

Answer 28

Beta-lactam PCN | Mostly gram + and some gram -