Antibiotics

Question 1

Penicillins

Answer 1

cell wall synthesis inhibitor
inhibits PCP (transpeptidase) which cross-links in the cell wall

Question 2

PBP

Answer 2

Penicillin binding protein

Transpeptidase

Question 3

Aminopenicillins

Answer 3

Cell wall synthesis inhibitors

competitively inhibit transpeptidase

Question 4

Penicillinase resistant penicillins

Answer 4

cell wall synthesis inhibitors

competitively inhibit transpeptidase

Question 5

Antipseudomonal penicillins

Answer 5

piperacillin
always paired with tazobactam
cell wall synthesis inhibitors
competitively inhibit transpeptidase

Question 6

first gen cephalosporins

Answer 6

cell wall synthesis inhibitors; competitively inhibit transpeptidase

Question 7

When do first gen cephalosporins work best?

Answer 7

rapidly proliferating bacteria

Question 8

Second gen cephalosporins

Answer 8

cell wall synthesis inhibitors

competitively inhibit transpeptidase

Question 9

Cephamycins

Answer 9

classified with 2nd gen cephalosporins

Question 10

Third gen cephalosporins

Answer 10

cell wall synthesis inhibitors competitively inhibit transpeptidase

Question 11

Ceftriaxone

Answer 11

3rd gen cephalosporin

Question 12

Fourth gen cephalosporin

Answer 12

cell wall synthesis inhibitors; competitively inhibit transpeptidase

Question 13

Cefepime

Answer 13

4th gen cephalosporin

Question 14

Fifth gen cephalosporins

Answer 14

same as others

Question 15

Carbapenems

Answer 15

cell wall synthesis inhibitors; competitively inhibit transpeptidase

Question 16

Monobactams

Answer 16

binds and inhibits gram (-) specific sub-type of transpeptidase; cell wall synthesis inhibited

Question 17

Glycopeptides

Answer 17

Bind D-alanyl-D-alanine terminus of cell wall precursor units, inhibiting transglycosylase and preventing cross-linking of peptidoglycans
damages cell wall

Question 18

Vancomycin

Answer 18

glycopeptide

Question 19

Lipoglycopeptides

Answer 19

same as glycopeptides, but also dimerize and embed their lipid structure into the bacterial cell membrane
get improved binding and increased potency

Question 20

Oritavancin/telavancin

Answer 20

lipoglycopeptide; directly disrupt cell membrane; act faster

Question 21

Beta lactamase inhibitors

Answer 21

Not actually antibiotics; inhibit beta lactamase

Question 22

Tazobactam

Answer 22

beta lactamase inhibitor

Question 23

Oxazolidinones

Answer 23

protein synthesis inhibitor
bind the P site on 50s ribosomal subunit, prevents initiation via prevention of fMET
Bacteriostatic

Question 24

Macrolides

Answer 24

bind reversibly to 50s subunit preventing translocation of tRNA from A to P site–>halts protein synthesis
induce conformational change to inhibit transpeptidation
inhibit formation of 50s
bacteriostatic

Question 25

Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, azithromycin, fidaxomicin

Answer 25

Macrolides

Question 26

Ketolides

Answer 26

protein synthesis inhibitor

Question 27

Streptogramins

Answer 27

inhibit protein synthesis bind 50S inhibits elongation and induces early termination conformational change

Question 28

Tetracyclines

Answer 28

inhibit protein synthesis bind 30S and prevents aminoacyl tRNA from entering A site prevents elongatin Bacteriostatic

Question 29

Glycycyclines

Answer 29

same as tetracyclines

Question 30

Aminoglycosides

Answer 30

``` inhibit protein synthesis fix 50S and 30S to AUG inhibit translation promote early termination induce errors bactericidal ```

Question 31

What do all aminoglycosides end in?

Answer 31

-mycin

Question 32

Fluoroquinolones

Answer 32

inhibit transcription and replication by inhibiting bacterial topoisomerase II-gram (+) bacteria block cell division by inhibiting DNA topoisomerase IV-Gram (-) bacteria

Question 33

What do all fluoroquinolones end in?

Answer 33

-oxacin

Question 34

Sulfonamides

Answer 34

acts as a competitive mimic of PABA to inhibit dihydropteroate synthase-->cannot make dihydrofolic acid from PABA bacteriostatic

Question 35

Benzylpyrimidines

Answer 35

comp inhibitor of dyhydrofolate reductase, which converts dihydrofolic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid disrupts purine synthesis/bacterial DNA

Question 36

Bactrim

Answer 36

Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole

Question 37

Polymixins

Answer 37

disrupt gram (-) membrane act as cationic detergents bind and inactive endotoxin Bactericidal

Question 38

What are all of the bacteriostatic drug classes?

Answer 38

``` Oxazolidinones Macrolides Tetracyclines Glycylcyclines Aminoglycosides Sulfonamides Polymixins ```

Question 39

What is the primary abx for staph once MRSA is ruled out?

Answer 39

``` Penicillinase resistant penicillin poor gram (+) coverage ```

Question 40

What do 3rd gen cephalosporins cover more of?

Answer 40

Gram (-), so less gram (+)

Question 41

What does 4th gen cephalosporins also cover on top of 3rd?

Answer 41

P. aeruginosa

Question 42

What drugs are bactericidal against strep?

Answer 42

Oxazolidinones | Streptogramins