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x M1 Bacteriology > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

Penicillins (general). 5 facts.

A

Cell wall inhibitors, bacteriocidal. have beta-lactam ring, require cell growth for action, can be cleaved by beta-lactamase, bind to penicillin binding proteins and thereby inhibit crosslinking.

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2
Q

Methicillin

A

Cell wall inhibitor, bacteriocidal. Resistant to beta-lactamase, good against Gram+. MRSA now resistant to this (Methicillin-Resistant Staph Aureus).

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3
Q

Oxacillin

A

Cell wall inhibitor, bacteriocidal. Resistant to beta-lactamase, good against Gram+

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4
Q

Penicillin G

A

Cell wall inhibitor, bacteriocidal. Sensitive to B lactamase, good against Gram +, acid-labile so formulations only IV/IM

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5
Q

Penicillin V

A

Cell wall inhibitor, bacteriocidal. Sensitive to B lactamase, good against Gram +, acid-stabile

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6
Q

Amoxicillin

A

Cell wall inhibitor, bacteriocidal. Sensitive to B lactamase, good against Gram + and Gram -

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7
Q

Ampicillin

A

Cell wall inhibitor, bacteriocidal. Sensitive to B lactamase, good against Gram + and Gram -

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8
Q

Tricarcillin

A

Cell wall inhibitor, bacteriocidal. Sensitive to B lactamase, good against Gram - and Pseudomonas.

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9
Q

Piperacillin

A

Cell wall inhibitor, bacteriocidal. Sensitive to B lactamase, good against Gram - and Pseudomonas.

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10
Q

Azetreonam

A

Resistant to B lactamase, has B lactam ring, otherwise not similar to penicillin family. Good against Gram - and pseudomomas

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11
Q

Imipenem

A

Very broad spectrum, has B lactam ring, otherwise not similar to penicillin family. Resistant to B-lactamase

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12
Q

Clavulanic Acid

A

Beta lactamase inhibitor, used paired with penicillins to increase their activity

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13
Q

Augmentin

A

Clavulanic Acid + Amoxicillin. (Beta lactamase inhibitor, used paired with penicillins to increase their activity)

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14
Q

Cepholosporins (general). 4 facts

A

cell wall inhibitors, have beta lactam ring, bacteriocidal, acid-stabile

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15
Q

Cefazolin

A

1st generation cepholosporin, good against Gram +

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16
Q

Cefuroxime

A

2nd generation cepholosporin, good against Gram -

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17
Q

Ceftriaxone

A

3rd generation cepholosporin, good against Gram -, can reach CNS!!

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18
Q

Ceftazidime

A

3rd generation cepholosporin, good against G-, good against pseudomonas (note does not reach CNS like Ceftriaxone).

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19
Q

Vancomycin

A

Cell wall inhibitor (bacteriocidal), Good against Gram +, use against MRSA, slightly toxic, interrupts D-ala-D-ala bonds

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20
Q

Cycloserine

A

Cell wall inhibitor (bacteriocidal), Good against Gram +, slightly toxic, interrupts L-ala-D-ala bonds, secondary TB drug

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21
Q

Bacitracin

A

Cell wall inhibitor (bacteriocidal), Good against Gram +, toxic, topical only

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22
Q

Polymyxin B

A

Like penicillins but cell growth not required for action. causes membrane leakage. Good against Gram - and pseudomonas, often topical.

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23
Q

RIPE drugs

Study These Flashcards
A

Anti-TB: Rifampin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol

24
Q

Streptomycin

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A

Inhibitor of protein synthesis (30S). some metabolic activity required. action inhibited under acidic/anaerobic conditions, bacteriocidal, toxic to CN VIII and kidney

25
Tetracyclin
Inhibitor of protein synthesis (30S). Bacteriostatic. Teratogenic, can cause mottled teeth in kids
26
Doxycycline
Inhibitor of protein synthesis (30S). Bacteriostatic. Teratogenic, can cause mottled teeth in kids
27
Tigecycline
Most potent tetracycline (Inhibitor of protein synthesis (30S). Bacteriostatic.)
28
Erythromycin
Inhibitor of protein synthesis (50S). Bacteriostatic. Broad spectrum, including Mycoplasma, Chlamydia
29
Azithromycin
Inhibitor of protein synthesis (50S). Bacteriostatic. Broad spectrum, (even broader than Erythromycin)
30
Chloramphenicol
Inhibitor of protein synthesis (50S). Bacteriostatic. Not widely used bc can cause aplastic anemia. Good against B fragilis (anaerobic)
31
Clindamycin
Inhibitor of protein synthesis (50S). Bacteriostatic. good against Gram + and anaerobes.
32
Dalfopristin
Inhibitor of protein synthesis (50S). Bacteriostatic. Good against MRSA, VRE
33
Quinupristin
Inhibitor of protein synthesis (50S). Bacteriostatic. Good against MRSA, VRE
34
Synergin
Inhibitor of protein synthesis (50S). Bacteriostatic. Good against MRSA, VRE. Synergic effect of Dalfopristin and Quinupristin
35
Oxazodidinone
Inhibits tRNA translocation. Bacteriostatic. Good against Gram +. Potential against VREF, also MRSA and VRSA.
36
Linezolid
Inhibits tRNA translocation. Bacteriostatic. Good against Gram +. Potential against VREF, also MRSA and VRSA. Trade name: Zyvox.
37
Zyvox
Inhibits tRNA translocation. Bacteriostatic. Good against Gram +. Potential against VREF, also MRSA and VRSA. Trade name for Linezolid.
38
Mupirocin
Binds Ile-tRNA synthetase. Bacteriostatic --> bacteriocidal depending on concentration.
39
Ciprofloxacin
DNA replication inhibitor. Bacteriocidal, Good against G- enteric bacilli, some G+ cocci, and pseudomonas. Used for UTIs, anthrax, and prophy for B fragilis. Can damage growing bone. Resistance is rapidly developing.
40
Moxifloxacin
DNA replication inhibitor. Bacteriocidal, Good against G- enteric bacilli, some G+ cocci, and pseudomonas. Used for UTIs, anthrax, and prophy for B fragilis. Can damage growing bone.
41
Metronidazole
DNA replication inhibitor. binds DNA and fragments it. Bacteriocidal, good against anaerobics, requires anaerobic conditions.
42
Rifampin
RNA synthesis inhibitor, bacteriocidal, broad spectrum. used in combination with other abx since resistance develops if used alone. TB drug (RIPE).
43
Ethambutol
TB drug (RIPE). Bacteriostatic against tubercle bacilli
44
Pyrazinamide
TB drug (RIPE). Bacteriocidal, requires TB to be active.
45
Amphotericin B
Antifungal. binds to sterols in cell membranes, damaging the membranes. Binds better to ergosterol (present in fungi) than cholesterol (mammals). Not absorbed well via GI. Used systemically but is toxic. Fungicidal.
46
Nystatin
Antifungal. binds to sterols in cell membranes, damaging the membranes. Binds better to ergosterol (present in fungi) than cholesterol (mammals). Not absorbed well via GI, too toxic for systemic use. Used topically and orally (swish/swallow). Fungistatic.
47
Fluconazole
Systemic antifungal, used for thrush, impt in immunocompromised patients (AIDS). Inhibits ergosterol synthesis. Fungistatic.
48
Ketoconazole
Systemic antifungal, used for thrush, impt in immunocompromised patients (AIDS). Inhibits ergosterol synthesis. Fungistatic.
49
Caspofungin
Inhibits glucan synthesis. Fungicidal.
50
Flucytosine
Antifungal metabolite (inhibits fungal protein synthesis and DNA synthesis).
51
Sulfonamide
Antimetabolite. inhibits production of folic acid (required for DNA synthesis). Bacteriostatic. Broad spectrum, concentrated in urine --> used for UTIs.
52
Trimethoprim
Antimetabolite. inhibits production of folic acid (required for DNA synthesis) at a later step than Sulfonamide.
53
Bactrim
Combination of Sulfomamide and Trimethoprim. Used for UTI treatment.
54
Isoniazid
Anti TB (RIPE). Narrow spectrum, only active against TB. Interferes with synthesis of mycolic acid. Bacteriocidal, can penetrate through host cell membranes (impt because TB may be intracellular).
55
Gentamicin
Inhibitor of protein synthesis (30S), bacteriocidal. Like Streptomycin but harder for bacteria to develop resistance because interacts with more than one 30S protein. toxic to CN VIII and kidney, requires aerobic conditions.
56
All protein synthesis inhibitors are bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?
All are static except Streptomicin (cidal) and Gentamicin (cidal).

x M1 Bacteriology (8 decks)

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