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Pharm Y2 > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

(88 cards)

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1
Q

Penicillin MOA

A

Block transpeptidation by beta lactam ring binding penicilin binding proteins

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2
Q

ampicillin drug class

A

penicillin

good to treat gram-negative bacteria

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3
Q

methicillin drug class

A

penicillin

good for treating penicillin resistant Staph aureus

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4
Q

list 2 anti-pseudomona penicillins

A

carbenicillin
piperacillin

these are able to reach in pseudomonas tight pores

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5
Q

penicillin structure

A

beta lactam ring and thiazolidine ring

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6
Q

cephalosporin structure

A

beta lactam ring and dihydrothizine ring

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7
Q

cefazolin drug class

A

cephalosporin

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8
Q

cefotaxime drug class

A

cephalosporin

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9
Q

cefpodoxime drug class

A

cephalosporin

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10
Q

cephalosporins vs penicillins

A

cephalosporins are less susceptible to beta lactamases

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11
Q

carbapenems structure

A

beta lactam ring

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12
Q

carbapenems vs penicillins and cephalosporins

A

carbapenems are more resistant to beta lactamases and should be used as a last resort
active against broad spectrum

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13
Q

monobactams structure

A

monocyclic beta lactam

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14
Q

aztreonam drug class

A

monobactam

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15
Q

monobactams vs other beta lactams

A

resistant to most beta lactamases

active against many gram negative bacteria

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16
Q

vancomycin drug class

A

glycopeptide

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17
Q

teicoplnin drug class

A

glycopeptide

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18
Q

glycopeptide MOA

A

inhibits transpeptidation by binding NAG-NAM

weakly inhibit transfer of NAG-NAM disaccharide to peptidoglycan chains (transglycosylation)

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19
Q

use of glycopeptides

A

last resort for MRSA and antibiotic resistant strains of E. faecalis, S. pneumoniae, and S. epidermidis
broad spectrum for gram positives but not gram negatives since it is a large molecule (hard to cross gram -)

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20
Q

bacitracin MOA

A

binds undecaprenyl pyrophospate –> no recycling –> no NAG-NAM –> no peptidoglycan

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21
Q

bacitracin administration

A

topical (large so cannot be absorbed)

often combined with neomycin and polymyxin B

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22
Q

polymyxin B and E MOA

A

destabilize bacterial cell membranes by binding as detergents –> leakage

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23
Q

polymyxins B and E use

A

topical (significant toxicity)

active against most gram negatives and pseudomonas

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24
Q

Sulfamethoxazle drug class

A

sulfonamide

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25
sulfonamide MOA
PABA analog competitively inhibits synthesis of dihydrofolic acid (precursor for tetrahydrofolic acid: required for DNA synthesis) thus, blocks bacterial DNA synthesis
26
trimethoprim (antifolate) MOA
DHF analog | competitively inhibits synthesis of tetrahydropholic acid which is required for bacterial DNA synthesis
27
fluoroquinolone MOA
bind/inhibit gyrase --> block DNA synthesis
28
ciprofloxacin drug class
fluoroquinolone
29
levofloxacin drug class
fluoroqinolones
30
fluoroquinolone use
broad spectrum | useful against pseudomonas auruginosa
31
Rifampin MOA
binds RNA polymerase --> inhibits protein synthesis
32
rifampin use
commonly used to trat mycobacterium tuberculosis | bacteria easily becomes resistant so often used in combo
33
macrolides/ketolides MOA
blocks peptide exit tunnel of 50S ribosomal subunit --> blocks protein synthesis
34
macrolide/ketolide use
broad spectrum | widely used resistance is common
35
erythromycin drug class
macrolide
36
telithromycin drug class
macrolide/ketolide
37
puromycin-like MOA
bind A-site of 50S subunit--> block tRNA access --> inhibit protein synthesis
38
clindamycin drug class
puromycin-like
39
clindamycin use
anaerobic bacteria
40
linezolid drug class
puromycin-like
41
linezolid use
MRSA, VRE, and penicillin resistant strep pneumoniae
42
tetracyclines/glycyclines MOA
binds A-site of 30S subunit (blocks tRNA access) --> inhibits protein synth
43
tigecycline drug class
tetracycline/glycyclines
44
aminoglycoside MOA
interfere with 30S ribosome subunit A site causing frequent mispairing --> synthesis of faulty proteins --> bactericidal
45
streptogramins MOA
``` block peptide exit tunnel of 50S ribosomal subunit streptogramin A (quinupristin) and B (dalfopristin) are bacteriostatic on their own but if used together they are bactericidal ```
46
streptogramins use
MRSA and most gram positives
47
which 2 drug classes that imhibit protein synthesis are bactericidal
aminoglycosides and streptogramins (when both A and B are used)
48
quinupristin drug class
streptogramin A
49
dalfopristin drug class
streptogramin B
50
Oxazolidimones MOA
Bind to 50s ribosome subunit to block protein synthesis
51
Fluoroquinolones: cidal or static?
Cidal | Block DNA gyrase
52
Metronidazole MOA
Block DNA gyrase
53
Metronidazole: static or cidal?
Cidal | Blocks DNA gyrase
54
Imipenem drug class
Carbapenems
55
Meopenem drug class
Carbapenem
56
Endopenem drug class
Carbapenem
57
When is use of bactericidal antibiotic use indicated?
Invassive infection: endocarditis and meningitis
58
List cidal antibiotics (7) used to treat endocarditis and meningitis
``` Beta lactams Fluoroquinolones Vancomycin Daptomycin Aminoglycosides Rifampin Metronidazole ```
59
What indicates use of bacteriostatic antibiotic drug use
Non invassive infections such as skin infections
60
Chloramphenicol: static or cidal?
Static except cidal for: H. Influenzae S. Pneumoniae N. Meningitides
61
Linezolid: static or cidal?
Cidal against most strep | Static against MRSA and VRE
62
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) use against MRSA?
It is rapidly cidal against MRSA in vitro but not a lot of data on it so not a drug of choice
63
What is drug of choice for skin infections due to strep
Penicillins | No strep resistant to penicillins
64
What is not covered by penicillins
S.aureus Gram negatives Bacteroides
65
What is oxacillin's coverage?
Gram positives, including S. Aureus
66
When treating intra-abdominal infections, what species are important to cover?
Gram negatives and anaerobes
67
What penicillin/beta lactamase inhibitor combo covers pseudomona
Piperacillin/tazobactam
68
What carbapenems cover pseudomona
Meropenem and imipenem
69
What is the contraindication of meropenem and imipenem use
It lowers the seizure threshold so not indicated for use in patients susceptible to seizures
70
How does 1st generation cephalosporins differ from other generations
Covers all gram positives including staph aureus
71
Ceftriaxone drug class and coverage
3rd generation cephalosporin Covers all gram positives except s.aureus Covers all gram negatives including pseudomonas
72
Ceftaroline drug class and coverage
Extended spectrum cephalosporin Good for MRSA Does not cover anaerobic or bacteroides or pseudomona
73
In penecillin allergies what two drug options can be used for pseudomona coverage
Azteronam | Aminoglycosides
74
What are the side effects of aminoglycosides
Stay in system a long time following administration which causes a threat of causes: Nephrotoxicity: reversible Ototoxicity: non reversible
75
Fluoroquinolone coverage
All aerobic gram neatives including pseudomona | Gram positives except s. Aureus
76
Ciprofloxacin drug class
Fluoroquinolone
77
Levofloxacin drug class
Fluoroquinolones
78
What are some side effects of fluoroquinolones
``` Can cause tendon rupture (especially weight bearing tendons such as achilles) Decreased mental status in elderly Prolonged Q-T syndrome C. Diff. (Vitamins can decrease its absorption) ```
79
What two fluoroquinolones are good for atypical organism use such as mycoplasma and legionella
Levoflaxicin and moxifloxacin
80
When treating mouth infections, what coverage is important
Strep and oral anaerobes
81
Clindamycin coverage
Good for above the diaphragm | Gram positive and anaerobe coverage including s. Aureus and MRSA but can induce MRSA resistance
82
Metronidazole coverage
Anaerobes Good for below the diaphragm (G.I. And G.U.) (Patients cannot drink alcohol)
83
Side effects of tetracyclines
Nausea/vomitting Pill-induced esophaitis Tetragenic (dont use in prenancy) Photosensitivity
84
Doxyccline uses
``` Lyme disease Malaria prophylaxis Mycoplasma chlamydia MRSA infections Acne ```
85
Bactrim (TMP-SMX; sulfa drug) sideeffects
Skin rash | Contraindicatedin pregnancy
86
What are treatment obstions for initial episoides of non severe C. Diff
Oral vancomycin | FDX
87
What treatment is indicated in fulminant C. Diff. Infections
``` IV metronidazole (Fulminant= sick) ```
88
Daptomycin use
MRSA and VRE

Pharm Y2 (5 decks)

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