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Antibiotics Flashcards

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1
Q

Mechanism of action: Penicillin

A

Inhibit cell wall synthesis, inhibit cross-linking of peptidoglycan (transpeptidation), activation of autolytic enzyme

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2
Q

Penicillin resistance

A

B-lactamase (penicillinase), mutation in PBPs

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3
Q

Common antipseudomonas penicillin

A

pipercillin, ticacillin

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4
Q

Common Aminopenicillins

A

Ampicillins, amoxicillins

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5
Q

Common Penicillinase-resistance penicillins

A

Dicloxacillin, nafcillin

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6
Q

Clinical usage of penicillin

A

Pneumococcal infection, streptococcal infection, meningococcal infection, gonococcal infection, syphilis, clostridium infection

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7
Q

Amoxicillin & Amphicillin

A

Extended spectrum of gram negative bacteria - GI track infection, enterococci, H. influenzae

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8
Q

common 1st gen cephalosporin

A

Cefadroxil, cephalexin, cephazolin

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9
Q

common 2nd gen cephalosporin

A

cefoxitin, cefuroxime

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10
Q

Common 3rd gen cephalosporin

A

Cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefoperazone

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11
Q

Common 4th gen cephalosporin

A

Cefepime, cefpirome

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12
Q

Common 5th gen cephalosporin

A

Ceftaroline, ceftobiprole

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13
Q

Common antipseudomonas cephalosporin

A

ceftazidime, cefoperazone (3rd gen) cefepime (5th gen)

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14
Q

Clinical use of 1st gen cephalosporin

A

cefazolin, cephalexin, S. aureus Surgical prophylaxis

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15
Q

Clinical use of 2nd gen cephalosporin

A

Treating community acquired pneumonia

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16
Q

Clinical use of 3rd gen cephalosporin

A

Ceftriaxone, cefotaxime - Gram negative (non ESBL)

Ceftazidime, cefoperazone - antipseudomonas

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17
Q

Clinical use of 4th gen cephalosporin

A

Cefopime, cefpirome - antipseudomonas, treating gram negative ESBL

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18
Q

Clinical use of ceftaroline, ceftobiprole

A

treating MRSA, VRSA, PRSA (CAP)

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19
Q

clinacal usage of ceftriaxone (3rd gen)

A

treat upper UTI, nosocomial pneumonia

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20
Q

drugs treating PPNG (penicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae)

A

Cephalosporin

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21
Q

common carbapenam drugs

A

imepenam, meropenam, ertapenam, doripenam

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22
Q

Clinical use of carbapenam

A

life threatening infection, gram positive cocci/bacilli: Listeria, Corynebacterium, gram negative***: ESBL, pseudomonas (except ertapenam), skin infection, gram negative septicemia, UTI

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23
Q

carbapenam ADR

A

hypersensitivity, nausea/vomiting, CNS toxicity (seizure) - high dose, can cross reaction with penicillin

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24
Q

Common glycopeptide drugs

A

vancomycin

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25
vancomycin mechanism
inhibit cell wall synthesis
26
clinical use of vancomycin
gram positive bactericidal (bacteriostatic against C. difficile), ****treating multidrug-resistant organisms (i.e. MRSA), prophylaxin in prosthetic valve replacement, ***penicillin/cephalosporin-resistant streptococcus infection
27
vancomycin ADR
redman/redneck syndrome, nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity
28
protein synthesis inhibitor drugs
macrolides, tetracyclins, lincosamides, aminoglycosides
29
Common macrolides drugs
erythomycin, Azithromycin (-thromycin)
30
macrolides mechanism of action
binding to 50s subunit, inhibiting translocation
31
clinical use of macrolides
treating atypical pneumonia (Mycoplasma, Legionella, Chlamydia) treating Streptococcal infection in patients allergic to penicillins (cephalosporin, cabapenam)
32
macrolide ADR
GIupset, eosinophilia
33
Common tetracyclines
1st gen - tetracycline, oxytetracycline, demeclocycline 2nd gen - doxycycline, minocycline 3rd gen - tigecycline
34
clinical use of tetracycline
broad spectrum against gram positive anaerobe, good for mycoplasma, chlamydia, legionella acne treatment cover H. influenzae, Leptospira interrogans (Doxycyclin), Rickettsia
35
Tetracycline ADR
Tooth discoloration & hypoplasia (children), photosensitivity*
36
Common lincosamide drugs
Clindamycin, Lincomycin
37
lincosamide mechanism
blocking peptide transfer by binding to 50s subunit (similar to macrolides)
38
clindamycin ADR
pseudomonas colitis (C. difficile overgrowth), diarrhea
39
miscellaneous antibiotic drugs
Fluoroquinolones, sulfonamide + trimethroprim
40
fluoroquinolone drugs
1st gen - nalidic acid 2nd gen - norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, oflaxacin 3rd gen - levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, gatifloxacin 4th gen - sitafloxacin
41
mechanism of fluoroquinolone
inhibit topoisomerase 3 (DNA gyrase)
42
UTI fluoroquinolones
ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin
43
clinical use of Norfloxacin
Cover Enterobacteriaceae, abdominal infection
44
clinical use of levofloxacin
treat respiratory infection, atypical pneumonia
45
fluoroquinolone ADR
tendon rupture in elders, CNS toxicity (prohibited in patients with epilepsy), C. difficile overgrowth, rash, GI upset
46
what is Co-trimoxazole
sulfonamide + trimethroprim together for better bactericidal
47
Clinical use of co-trimoxazole
cover both gram positive amd gram negative bacteria ( EXCEPT Pseudomonas aeruginosa), prophylaxis in patients with HIV i.ei Toxoplasmosis prophylaxis
48
co-trimoxazole ADR
hypersensitivity, hemolysis in G6PD patients, photosensitivity, nephrotoxicity
49
metronidazole mechanism
toxic free radical synthesis in bacteria causing cell damage
50
clinical use of metronidazole
good coverage of anaerobes, parasite, bacterial vagiosis, C. difficile (1st line pseudomembranous colitis), Trichomonas vaginalis
51
Metronidazole ADR
nausea, GI-toxicity
52
antipseudomonas
pipercillin + tazobactam, aminoglycosides, ceftazidime, cefparazone, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, imipenam, meropenam, colistin
53
anaerobes infection medication
metronidazole, clindamycin, piperacillin + tazobactam, ampicillin + sulbactam, amoxicillin + calvulanate, carbapenam except meropenam, moxifloxacin, tigecycline
54
MRSA
co-trimoxazole, clindamycin, doxycycline, vancomycin, linezolid, daptomycin
55
Vancomycin-resistance enterococcus
Linazolid, tigecycline, daptomycin
56
Cephalosporins that does not have nephrotoxicity as ADR
ceftriaxone, cefoparazone
57
Disulfuram-like reaction
inhibit aldehyde dehydrogenase
58
Antibiotics causing disulfuram-like reaction
Cephalosporin, metronidazole
59
treating leptospirosis
Penicillin G, doxycyclin
60
prostatitis (UTI)
ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin
61
pharyngitis
penicillin V, amoxicillin, macrolides if allergic to amoxicillin
62
enterobacteriaceae
norfloxacin

Antibiotics (1 decks)

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