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Antibiotics Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

Most common cause of conjunctivitis

A

Viral

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2
Q

Sabouraud’s

A

Culture media for fungi

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3
Q

Which antibiotics target bacterial cell wall?

A

Beta-lactam: PCN, cephalosporins

Vancomycin: gram+

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4
Q

Penicillin-sensitive PCN

A

Amoxicillin

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5
Q

Which antibiotic is used for PCN-resistant staph?

A

Dicloxacillin

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6
Q

Augmentin

A

Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid

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7
Q

Clavulanate

A

Beta-lactamase inhibitor - reduces bacteria’s ability to negate effect of amoxicillin (PCN-sensitive) by inactivating penicillanases

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8
Q

Which antibiotic is effective for skin infections (dacryocystitis, internal hordeola, pre-septal cellulitis)?

A

Augmentin

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9
Q

Which type of pts are more prone to side effect of PCN

A

Sick pts w/ heart problems

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10
Q

Internal hordeola is secondary to

A

Staph infection of meib glands

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11
Q

Cephalosporins break down

A

Gram- and anaerobes

Bactericidal

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12
Q

Which antibiotic has cross-sensitivity w/ PCN?

A

Cephalosporin (beta-lactams)

Person who has a reaction to PCN will probably have a reaction to cephalosporin too. (Cephalosporin more resistant to B-lactamases tho)

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13
Q

Which antibiotic is used to treat dacryadenitis?

A

Cephalexin

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14
Q

Hyperacute conjunctivitis

A

Secondary to gonorrhea

Tx: ceftrixone or cefixime (third generation cephalosporins)

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15
Q

Tetracycline is bactericidal. True or false?

A

False

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16
Q

Low dose ___ effectively used to tx acne

A

Tetracycline

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17
Q

Side effects of tetracycline

A

Pseudotumor cerebri (benign intracranial HTN)
Vestibular problems — esp Minocycline
Photoxicity
Effects on teeth and bones
Reduces effectiveness of BC — EXCEPT doxy and minocycline

Do not use w/ mild products.

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18
Q

Tetracycline suppress inflammation by inhibiting

A

PLA2

Corticosteroids also inhibit PLA2.

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19
Q

S/S of acne rosacea

A

Red, irritated eyes
Swollen eyelids
What looks like a stye

Secondary ocular complications in 85% of pts w/ acne rosacea. Ocular complications precede other skin manifestations.

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20
Q

Tx for acne rosacea

A

Oracea (Doxy 30mg or 10g delayed release) po

Tetracycline

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21
Q

Tx for recurrent corneal erosions

A

Doxy and topical steroids

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22
Q

Macrolides are bacteriostatic. True or false?

A

True

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23
Q

Macrolides are used to tx

Study These Flashcards
A

Soft tissue infections, skin infections, respiratory/GI tract

24
Q

Group of antibiotics used for those allergic to PCN

25
Tx for bacterial conjunctivitis
Azasite (Macrolides) - Azithromycin gtts
26
Erythromycin has a high incidence of staph resistance. True or false?
True
27
Preferred therapy for urethritis by chlamydia
Azithromycin
28
Azithromycin is contraindication in pregnant women. True or false?
False
29
Use Azithromycin w/ caution in pts w/
Liver disease
30
Adult inclusion conjunctivitis
Mixed papillary/follicular conjunctivitis on upper lid in sexually active adults
31
Tx for chlamydia
Azithromycin
32
Aminoglycosides are bactericidal. True or false?
True Works against gram- bacilli
33
This antibiotic can cause nephrotoxicity and too toxicity.
Aminoglycosides
34
This antibiotic is used treat methicillin-resistant S.aureus (gram+) and MRSA.
Vancomycin Poor oral absorption - admin systemically Bactericidal
35
Adverse effect of Vancomycin
Red man syndrome
36
Most potent anti tuberculosis drug
Isoniazide Also used w/ rifampin
37
Bacitracin is used as a systemic med. True or false?
False Gram+
38
Fluoroquinolones are bactericidal. True or false?
True Interferes w/ action of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV
39
Can cause tendon ruptures
Fluoroquinolones Contraindicated in pregnancy, nursing mothers, children under 18 Category C drug - can cause seizures, increased hr, confusion
40
Parinaud’s (Cat-Scratch dx)
Infection w/ Bartonella Granulomatous conjunctivitis w/ asso preauricular lymphadenopathy
41
Commonly used to tx bacterial conjunctivitis and keratitis (standard tx for bacterial keratitis)
Ocular fluoroquinolones (FDA approved: Ciloxxan, Ocuflox, Iquix)
42
Inhibitors of metabolism
Sulfonamides and trimethoprim - folic acid antagonists (bx cannot divide w/o folic acid)
43
Sulfonamides are bacteriostatic and used to treat UTIs. True or false?
True
44
Trimethoprim can be used to treat UTIs and MRSA. True or false?
True
45
Antibiotic used to treat pseudomonas (most common ocular pathogen); excellent for bacterial conjunctivitis in children; also used to treat haemophilus influenza and streptococcus pneumoniae
Polytrim (Polymyxin B) gram- bactericidal
46
Antibiotic used to treat toxoplasmosis chorioretinitis
Pyrimethamine
47
Bactericidal used systemically (rarely used for ocular conditions) that can cause gray-baby syndrome
Rifampin Other adverse effects: hemolytic and aplastic anemia, optic neuritis
48
Which antibiotics can cause nephrotoxicity?
Aminoglycosides, tetracycline, vancomycin
49
Which antibiotics reduce bactericidal action of PCN?
Tetracyclines and chloramphenicol
50
Which antibiotics decrease effectiveness of oral contraceptive?
PCN, ampicillin, tetracycline, cephalosporin
51
Which antibiotics are considered safe for children?
PCN, cephalosporin, erythromycin, azithromycin, biaxin
52
Which antibiotics should we consider if pts are allergic to PCN?
Oral fluoroquinolones (Levofloxincin 500mg qd x1 week, 1-2 DS bid x 1 week)
53
What is the drug of choice for MRSA?
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
54
What should we use for pts allergic to sulfa?
Doxy at its acute therapeutic dosage of 100mg bid x7-10 days
55
Oral drugs for acute care
Acute internal hordeola Chlamydial conjunctivitis - Azithromycin Allergy to PCN - Erythromycin (Macrolides) or fluoroquinolones Allergy to sulfa - Doxy
56
Metronidazole can cause ____ failure during pregnancy.
Hepatic

Pharm II (3 decks)

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