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IM/Micro > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

bioavailability

A

fraction of an administered dose of an unchanged drug that reaches the systemic circulation

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2
Q

first pass effect

A

drug concentration is reduced before it reaches systemic circulation

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3
Q

4 factors affecting first pass effect

A

GI enzymes, gut wall, bacterial flora, hepatic enzymes

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4
Q

what generation cephalosporins do not penetrate BBB

A

1st generation

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5
Q

what molecules penetrate the BBB more easily

A

lipid-soluble

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6
Q

classic narrow-spectrum abx

A

nafcillin

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7
Q

classic broad-spectrum abx

A

piperacillin/tazobactam

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8
Q

minimum inhibitory concentration

A

lowest concentration of abx that inhibits the growth of organism after 18-24 hour period

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9
Q

minimum bactericidal concentration

A

lowest concentration of an antimicrobial that kills 99.9% of organisms

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10
Q

example of enzymatic degradation of abx

A

beta lacatamases

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11
Q

example of alteration of target of abx agents

A

altered PCN binding protein of MRSA

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12
Q

classes that are cell wall synthesis inhibitors

A

PCNs, aztreonam, cephalosporins, carbapenems, vancomycin, daptomycin, colistin

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13
Q

classes that are protein synthesis inhibitors

A

aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, chroamphenicol, macrolides, clindamycin, linezolid

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14
Q

classes that are nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors

A

fluoroquinoloines, rifampin, TMP/SMX, metronidazole

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15
Q

PCNs side effects

A

allergic reaction, nephrotoxicity

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16
Q

which categories of abx are bactericidal

A

cell wall synthesis inhibitors, nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors

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17
Q

PCNs are generally used for

A

strep, nasopharyngeal, oral anaerobes

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18
Q

PCN used for staph

A

nafcillin

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19
Q

how to make a PCN suitable for staph

A

add a beta-lactamase inhibitor

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20
Q

what route is amoxicillin/clavulanate

A

PO

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21
Q

PCN+beta lactamase inhibitor for pseudomonas

A

piperacillin/tazobactam

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22
Q

cephalosporin side effects

A

erythema multiforme, pancytopenia

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23
Q

uses for cephalosporins

A

gram positive cocci, nasopharyngeal GNRs

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24
Q

cephalosporin that can treat pseudomonas

A

Cefepime

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25
general characteristic of cephalosporin coverage
gram positive, with increasing gram negative coverage over each generation
26
can ceftriaxone be used for MRSA
no, use cefepime
27
carbapenems side effects
neurotoxicity, seizures
28
aztreonam uses
Aerobic gram negatives
29
vancomycin side effects
ototoxicity, histamine release (red man syndrome)
30
vancomycin uses
gram positive only including MRSA
31
colistin uses
GN bacilli including pseudomonas
32
aminoglycosides side effects
ototoxic, nephrotoxic
33
tetracyclines side effects
binding to teeth and bones under 8 y/o, photosensitivity
34
macrolides side effects
cholestatic jaundice, QT prolongation
35
Lincosamides side effects
C diff, diarrhea, metallic taste
36
Linezolid side effects
myelosuppression, irreversible optic and peripheral neuropathy
37
cephalexin aka
keflex
38
tetracyclines
doxycycline, minocycline
39
metronidazole side effects
disulfram-like effects
40
DNA gyrase inhibitors
QT prolongation, tendon rupture, phototoxicity
41
ceftimir uses
sinus infections
42
Bactrim side effects
dermatitis, rash, photosensitivity, kernicterus in infants
43
nitrofurantoin side effects
hemolytic anemia if G6PD deficient
44
what are the carbapenems
meropenem, ertapenem
45
which cephalosporins penetrate BBB
3rd generation and above
46
carbapenems are broad or narrow-spectrum
broad (gram positive cocci, anaerobes), and one of them covers pseudomonas
47
why are carbapenems not used much
they are IV and also highly neurotoxic
48
aztreonam's main benefit
can be used if someone has a severe PCN allergy
49
1st choice IV for someone who has a history of MRSA
vancomycin
50
class for VRE
glycopeptides
51
what are the aminoglycosides
gentamycin, tobramycin
52
what is used for conjunctivits and otitis externa
topical aminoglycosides
53
protein synthesis inhibitors
aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides, lincosamides
54
what are the macrolides
azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin
55
what is special about linezolid
has CNS penetration
56
what class is often used to create a synergistic effect
aminoglycosides
57
use of IV aminoglycosides
enteric gram negatives including pseudomonas
58
first line for skin infections
doxycycline
59
what drug us good for atypical organisms
doxycycline, macrolides
60
which abx chelates with calcium
tetracyclines
61
what are the lincosamides
clindamycin, linezolid
62
what class is best for intracellular organisms
macrolides
63
which drug is a toxin inhibitor for nec fasc
clindamycin
64
lincosamide that covers MRSA
clindamycin
65
drug for tooth abscess
clindamycin
66
nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors
metronidazole, cipro, levoflaxacin, bactrim, nitrofurantoin
67
nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor for pneumonia
levofloxacin
68
cipro uses
gram negative, gut infections
69
bactrim uses
gram positive cocci including MRSA, enteric gram negatives, opportunistic pathogens
70
nitrofurantoin uses
same as bactrim but no MRSA especially good for UTIs
71
UTI drug for someone with history of MRSA
bactrim
72
first line abx for sinus infections
amoxicillin with or without clavulanate

IM/Micro (3 decks)

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