antibiotics and anti fungals Flashcards
what is the MOA of sulphonamides?
inhibit dihyropteroate synathase which therefore inhibits nucleic acid synthesis
what is the MOA of trimethoprim?
inhibits DHF reductase which therefore inhibits dna synthesis
what is the MOA of fluoroquinolones?
inhibits DNA gyrase & topoisomerase IV which inhibits DNA replication
what is the MOA of rifamycins?
inhibits bacterial RNA polymerase
what is the MOA of macrolides?
inhibit protein synthesis by targeting the ribosomes
what is the MOA of glycopeptides?
bind to the pentapeptide preventing peptidogycan synthesis
what is the MOA of bacitracin?
inhibits bactoprenol regeneration preventing peptidoglycan synthesis
what is the MOA of beta lactams?
bind covalently to transpeptidase inhibiting peptidoglycan incorporation into the cell wall
what is the MOA of lipopeptides?
disrupt gram positive cell walls
what is the MOA of polymyxins?
bind to LPS & disrupts gram -ve cell membranes
what are the causes of antibiotic resistance?
unnecessary prescription
livestock farming
lack of regulation
lack of development
what are the different types of antibiotic resistance?
production of distruction enzymes
beta lactamases hydrolyse C-N bond of the beta lactam ring
produce an additional target that is unaffected by the drug
alteration to the enzyme targeted by the drug
alteration in drug permeation- generate less aquaporins so is more difficult for the antibiotic to get into the cell and it increases the efflux systems to remove any antibiotic that has got in
bacteria significantly increase levels of targeted enzyme so overwhelms antibiotic- however means the bacteria has to work a lot harder
what are the different types of fungal infections?
- superficial
- dermatophyte
- subcutaneous
- systemic
what are 2 types of anti fungal drugs?
azoles
polyenes
what is the MOA of azoles?
inhibit cytochrome p450 dependent enzymes involved in membrane serol synthesis
