Antibiotics and antifungals Flashcards

Question

what antibiotics penetrate bone

Answer 1

- Fluoroquinolones (like levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin), - clindamycin, doxycycline, linezolid, and some beta-lactams (like piperacillin/tazobactam)

Answer 2

virtually all.

Answer 3

fluoroquinolones like levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, and doxycycline TMS can also, and some β-latams like cefriaxone

Answer 4

Simple uncomplicated UTI; - Clinically significant infection implies the presence of dysuria, pollakiuria, and/or stranguria. Diagnosis of UTI cannot be made on the basis of clinical signs alone. - sediment exam alone not sufficient - Complete urinalysis and quantitative aerobic C&S testing should be performed for all cases. Free-catch samples should not be used. - For cystocentesis specimens, counts ≥ 10^3 CFU/ mL indicate UTI. 10^4 in male and 10^5 in female for catherisation - pending C&S=, for patient comfort amoxicillin (11–15 mg/kg PO q 8 h) or trimethoprim-sulfonamide (15 mg/kg PO q 12 h). - 3-5 days been reported as sufficient - ISCAD says 7-14 days but state that <7 maybe sufficient

Answer 5

UTI that occurs in the presence of an anatomic or functional abnormality or a comorbidity that predisposes the animal to persistent infection, recurrent infection, or treatment failure. Recurrent UTIs, as defined by the presence of 3 or more episodes of UTI during a 12-month period, also indicate complicated infection. - Same principle of non complicated (C&S etc) - identify the underlying cause - treatment based on C&S - 4 weeks treatment (more studies needed) - Urine culture could be considered after 5–7 days of treatment to ensure treatment has been effective - urine culture should be performed 7 days after discontinuation - insufficient evidnece to justify pulse therapy

Answer 6

Presence of bacteria in the urine as determined by positive bacterial culture, in the absence of clinical signs of UTI. Treatment may not be necessary, but could be considered if there is a high risk of ascending or systemic infection (e.g., patients with underlying renal disease).

Answer 7

- Clinical signs of UTI absent: no culture or treatment indicated - Removal of urinary catheters: urine culture is reasonable if the risk and implications of a UTI are high. There is no indication for routine use of prophylactic antimicrobials - Clinical signs of UTI present: perform a culture after replacement of the urinary catheter with a new catheter. Several mL of urine should be removed to clear the catheter before a specimen is obtained for culture. Alternatively, remove the catheter and perform a cystocentesis.

Answer 8

C&S testing should always be performed. Treatment should be initiated while awaiting culture results, using antimicrobials effective against Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae. A fluoroquinolone is a reasonable first choice, after which treatment should be based on C&S results. Treatment for 4 to 6 weeks is recommended until further information becomes available. Culture is recommended 1 week after starting treatment and 1 week after treatment is discontinued.

Answer 9

The cause of most superficial bacterial folliculitis (SBF) in dogs is Staphylococcus pseudintermedius methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP), which is often highly multiresistant, has now become common Cytological exam needs to be performed to confirm that this is pyoderma and not allergic dermatosis etc. Also need to determine if there is co-infection with Mallasezia Pachydermatis Deep skin scrape should be performed to differentiate demodicosis Culture is essential if there is a poor response to 2 weeks of appropriate systemic antimicrobial therapy, emergence of new lesions 2 weeks or more after the initiation of such therapy, presence of residual lesions after 6 weeks of therapy combined with cytology demonstrating infection with cocci Topical antimicrobials; First-tier empirical drugs include clindamycin, first-generation cephalosporins, potentiated sulphonamides, and lincomycin.

Answer 10

Staphylococci are not able to invade normal skin and thus SBF only occurs when there is an underlying problem such as allergic dermatoses, hyperadrenocorticism, hypothyroidism, or demodicosis. These need to be differentiated from SBF. Early signs of SBF are papules and pustules associated with the hair follicles. Subsequently, annular areas of alopecia, scaling, erythema and hyperpigmentation may appear, commonly surrounded by epidermal collarettes. Diagnosis of SBF should be supported by cytological examination and the demonstration of coccoid bacteria associated with inflammatory cells and within phagocytes.

Antibiotics and antifungals Flashcards

(34 cards)