Antibiotics, Antifungals, Antivirals Flashcards
(24 cards)
How do sulphonamides work?
Inhibit DHOp synthase hence interfere with DNA synthesis of bacteria
How does trimethoprim work?
Inhibits DHF reductase hence interferes with bacterial dna synthesis
How does Ciprofloaxin (fluoroquinolone) work?
Inhibits DNA Gyrase and Topoisomerase IV hence interferes with bacterial DNA replication
How do Rifamycins work like rifampicin?
Inhibits prokaryotic RNA polymerase hence prevents bacterial mRNA production
Which antibiotics inhibit bacterial ribosomes (70s)?
- Aminoglycosides (Gentamicin)
- Chloramphenicol
- macrolides (erythromycin)
- tetracyclines
How do glycopeptides like Vancomycin work?
Binds to pentapeptide hence prevents PtG synthesis
How does bacitracin work?
Inhibits bactoprenol regeneration hence stops PtG transport from cytoplasm to the outer leaflet (cell wall)
How do beta lactams work?
Covalently binds to transpeptidases hence no cross linking of PtG henc stops incorporation into the cell wall
- Carbepenems
- Cephalosporins
- Penicillins
How do lipopeptides like daptomycin work?
Inhibit gram positive bacterial cell membranes
How do polymyxins work?
Binds to LPS and interfere with gram negative bacterial cell membranes
Types of antifungal drugs
- Azoles
- Polyenes
How does fluconazole work?
Inhibit Ergosterol production (cell membranes) by inhibiting Cyp51p enzymes
How does amphotericin work?
Form membrane pores in fungal membranes (Polyene)
Often used in systemic infections (IV)
What does Tenofovir do?
Nucleotide analog given with peginterferon alpha given for Hepatitis B patients
Also can be used for HIV
What would you use Ribavarin for?
For hepatitis C, nucleoside (purine)analog for disruption to RNA synthesis.
How does Boceprivir work?
Protease inhibitor (stops decapsulation) for Hep C
What is Enfuvirtide used for and why?
Used for HIV (antiretroviral), binds to GP41 capsule protein meaning the virus can’t enter the human cell
Hat does maraviroc do?
CCR5 receptor blocker hence HIV cannot enter the cell
How does zidovudine work for HIV?
Replication inhibitor, impairs DNA production from RNA by nucleoside analog
What does efavirens do?
HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor
What is raltegrevir?
HIV integrase inhibitor
How do protease inhibitors work for HIV?
Saquinivir and Ritonavir given (coadministered as metabolism booster)
These prevent cleavage of gag precursor protein hence assembly of new viruses impaired
How would you treat herpes simplex?
Acyclovir, nucleoside analog (diminishes virus replication so much that the immune system can effectively clear it)
How does oseltamavir work for influenza?
Neuraminidase inhibitor, which stops viral release from cells after is has replicated
