Antibiotics August 28, 2017

Question 1

nitrofurantoin

Answer 1

Macrodantin, Macrobid

antibacterial

bacterial infection

inhibition of Acetyl Coenzyme A (interferes with metabolism of carbohydrates in bacteria)

diarrhea, fever, chills

Question 2

metronidazole

Answer 2

Flagyl

antibacterial/antiprotozoal

bacterial infection

bind to DNA causing DNA strand breakage and death

seizures, neuropathy

Question 3

sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim

Answer 3

Bactrim, Septra

antibiotic

bacterial infection

trimethoprim - blocks tetrahydrofolic acid (inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase)
sulfamethoxazole - inhibits dihydrofolic acid by competitive antagonism of para-aminobenzoic acid

diarrhea, rash

Question 4

mupirocin (topical)

Answer 4

Bactroban

antibiotic

bacterial infection

inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis by reversibly binding to bacterial isoleucyl transfer RNA synthetase

burning, stinging, pain

Question 5

amoxicillin trihydrate

Answer 5

Amoxil, Moxatag, Trimox

antibiotic

bacterial infection

inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis via acylation of transpeptidase enzyme

diarrhea, rash

Question 6

amoxicillin with clavulanate potassium

Answer 6

Augmentin (XR)

antibiotic

bacterial infection

amoxicillin - inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis via acylation of transpeptidase enzyme
clavulanate - binds to active sites of betalactamase enzymes (protecting amoxicillin)

diarrhea, rash

Question 7

penicillin V potassium

Answer 7

Veetids, Pen-Vee K, V-Cillin

antibiotic

bacterial infection

inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis via acylation of transpeptidase enzyme

hives, rash

Question 8

clarithromycin

Answer 8

Biaxin (XL)

antibiotic

bacterial infection

binds to 50S ribosome and suppresses protein synthesis

diarrhea

Question 9

azithromycin

Answer 9

Zithromax, Zmax

macrolide antibiotic

bacterial infection

binds to 50S ribosome and suppresses protein synthesis

diarrhea

Question 10

cefuroxime axetil

Answer 10

Ceftin

cephalosporin antibiotic

bacterial infection

inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis via acylation of transpeptidase enzyme

diarrhea, rash, hives, itching

Question 11

cephalexin

Answer 11

Keflex

cephalosporin antibiotic

bacterial infection

inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis via acylation of transpeptidase enzyme

diarrhea, rash, hives, itching

Question 12

cefdinir

Answer 12

Omnicef

cephalosporin antibiotic

bacterial infection

inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis via acylation of transpeptidase enzyme

diarrhea, vaginal moniliasis

Question 13

cefprozil

Answer 13

Cefzil

cephalosporin antibiotic

bacterial infection

inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis via acylation of transpeptidase enzyme

diarrhea, rash

Question 14

ciprofloxacin

Answer 14

Cipro (XR)

fluoroquinolone antibiotic

bacterial infection

inhibits synthesis of bacterial DNA by interfering with enzyme DNA gyrase

diarrhea, sun sensivity, rash

Question 15

levofloxacin

Answer 15

Levaquin

fluoroquinolone antibiotic

bacterial infection

inhibits synthesis of bacterial DNA by interfering with enzyme DNA gyrase

diarrhea, taste perversion, tendinitis and tendon rupture

Question 16

ofloxacin ophthalmic

Answer 16

Ocuflox

fluoroquinolone antibiotic

bacterial infection

inhibits synthesis of bacterial DNA by interfering with enzyme DNA gyrase

eye problems, blurry vision

Question 17

minocycline hydrochloride

Answer 17

Minocin

tetracycline antibiotic

bacterial infection

blocks protein synthesis by competitively binding to 30S ribosome

burning stomach, teeth discoloration, sore tongue

Question 18

doxycycline hyclate

Answer 18

Vibramycin, Doryx

tetracycline antibiotic

bacterial infection

blocks protein synthesis by competitively binding to 30S ribosome

sunlight sensitivity, teeth discoloration, sore tongue

Question 19

clindamycin (oral)

Answer 19

Cleocin

Antibiotic

Infection (Bacterial)

Binds to 50S ribosome and suppresses protein synthesis

severe diarrhea, muscle pain, rash

Question 20

oseltamivir

Answer 20

Tamiflu

Antiviral

Infection (Viral)

Inhibition of influenza virus neuraminidase and alteration of virus particle aggregation and release

Seizures, confusion, abnormal behavior

Question 21

valacyclovir

Answer 21

Valtrex

Antiviral

Infection (Viral)

interferes with HSV DNA polymerase and inhibits viral DNA replication

creatine elevations, rash, hives, topical issues, etc.

Question 22

acyclovir

Answer 22

Zovirax

Antiviral

Infection (Viral)

interferes with HSV DNA polymerase and inhibits viral DNA replication

N/V/H, abdominal pain

Question 23

fluconazole

Answer 23

Diflucan

Antifungal

Infection (Fungal)

Cytochrome P450 sterol (C14 Alpha Demethylation) Inhibitor

abdominal pain, Diarrhea, taste perversion

Question 24

ketoconazole

Answer 24

Nizoral

Antifungal

Infection (Fungal)

Impairs synthesis of ergosterol (fungal membranes), allowing increased permeability and leakage of cellular components

N/V, Severe Irritation

Question 25

nystatin (topical powder/oral suspension)

Answer 25

Nystop Antifungal Infection(Fungal) Antimycotic, Binding to sterols in cell membrane, changing membrane permeability Topical AE-burning, itching, rash. Oral AE-Diarrhea, GI Distress

Question 26

terbinafine

Answer 26

Lamisil Antifungal Infection(Fungal) Inhibits squalene epoxidase (involved in sterol synthesis in fungi) Diarrhea, abdominal pain, dyspepsia

Question 27

emtricitabine, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, cobicstat, and elvitegravir

Answer 27

Stribild antiviral viral infection combination activity, interferes with HIV-1 DNA/RT/integrase lactic acidosis, insomnia, abnormal dreams

Question 28

hydroxychloroquine

Answer 28

Plaquenil Rheumatoid Arthritis Agent/AntiMalarial Malaria Unknown (may raise certain pH) Visual disturbances, blood dyscrasias

Question 29

clotrimazole with betamethasone

Answer 29

Lotrisone Topical Anti inflammatory/Anti fungal Infection(Fungal)/Inflammation Increase membrane permeability (permeating the chitin of the fungal cell wall). Stinging, erythema, irritation of the skin

Question 30

chlorhexidine

Answer 30

Peridex , Periogard Antiplaque Rinse Mouth Wash, Mouth Cleaning before surgery/apt Disruption of plasma membrane of bacterial cell Alteration of taste, mouth irritation, staining