Antibiotics - Baldwin

Question 1

Antibiotic Mechanisms - sulfonamides

Answer 1

competitive antagonism

Question 2

Antibiotic Mechanisms - penicillins

Answer 2

cell wall inhibition

Question 3

Antibiotic Mechanisms - antifungals

Answer 3

cell membrane interference

Question 4

Antibiotic Mechanisms - erythromycin

Answer 4

protein synthesis inhibition

Question 5

Antibiotic Mechanisms - tobramycin

Answer 5

protein synthesis alteration

Question 6

Antibiotic Mechanisms - ciprofloxacin

Answer 6

nucleic acid interference

Question 7

Penicillins

Answer 7

Beta-lactam antibiotics
Low toxicity
Cross-allergenicity
G+ coccal infections

Question 8

IM Penicillins

Answer 8

Procaine & Benzathine or combination

create low blood levels of drug - used for syphilis

Question 9

Ampicillin/Amoxicillin

Answer 9

Penicillin coverage + H. flu + e.coli

used: oral, sinus, skin infection
problems: diarrhea, allergy, maculopapular rash

Question 10

Amoxicillin/Potassium Clavulanate (Augmentin)

Answer 10

fixed dose amoxicillin combination with B-lactamase inhibitor
side effects: GI upset, diarrhea

Question 11

Penicillinase-Resistant Penicillins (2)

Answer 11

Oxacillin

Dicloxacillin

Question 12

1st Generation Cephalosporins

Answer 12

gram-positive cocci

Cefazolin, Cephalexin, Cefadroxil

Question 13

2nd Generation Cephalosporins

Answer 13

gram-positive cocci, some gram-negative, some anaerobes

Cefuroxime, Cefoxitin

Question 14

3rd Generation Cephalosporins

Answer 14

gram-positive cocci, > gram-negative spectrum can penetrate CSF
Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime

Question 15

4th Generation Cephalosporins

Answer 15

gram-positive, increased activity versus enterobacteriacea, pseudomonas

Question 16

Macrolides - Erythromycin uses

Answer 16

penicillin substitute for Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, or campylobacter

Question 17

Macrolides - Azithromycin

Answer 17

more gram-negative coverage than erythromycin

Question 18

Macrolides - Clarithromycin

Answer 18

used is AIDs related infections; H. pylori eradication

Question 19

Ketolide

Answer 19

Telithromycin - macrolide derivative
community acquired pneumonias > 18
liver & other toxicities

Question 20

Tetracyclines

Answer 20

Gram-negative rods, rickettsial, chlamydia, lyme disease, acne, penicillin-resistant G+ infections

tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline

Question 21

Tetracyclines Contraindications & Side Effects

Answer 21

AVOID in pregnancy

GI upset, tooth staining, vertigo

Question 22

Clindamycin

Answer 22

aerobic gram-positive cocci

problem: C. difficile overgrowth

Question 23

Vancomycin

Answer 23

used for MRSA, staph epidermidis

Question 24

Fluoroquinolones

Answer 24

DNA gyrase inhibitors
gram negative rods & cocci, psuedomonas, gram positive
Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin

Question 25

Sulfonamide Toxicities

Answer 25

allergic reactions | blood dyscrasias

Question 26

Metronidazole Use

Answer 26

used against anaerobes of GI origin, giardia, bacterial, trichomonal vaginal infections

Question 27

Metronidazole Toxicities

Answer 27

nausea, headache, metallic taste, disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol

Question 28

Antibiotics and Oral Contraceptives

Answer 28

amoxicillin, metronidazole and tetracyclines - interfere with oral contraceptive efficacy