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Antibiotics exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

This cell-wall inhibitor is NOT penicillin related, it has no beta lactam ring. It is the drug of choice for MRSA

A

Vancomycin

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2
Q

How do you administer Vancomycin for a C. Diff infection?

A

PO only! it is not absorbed systemically when given PO, and reaches the intestinal tract

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3
Q

what is Vanco’s coverage?

A 
gram positive
MRSA
MRSE
Enterococcus 
C. diff (po)
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4
Q

What do you have to monitor when administering vanco?

A

serum drug concentrations, aka TROUGHS

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5
Q

This cell wall inhibitor is a bactericidal, concentration-dependent alternative choice to quinupristin or linezolid

A

Daptomycin

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6
Q

Daptomycin coverage

A

Gram positive
MRSA
VRE
S. aureus skin infections

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7
Q

This cell wall inhibitor can cause myalgia, elevated hepatic transaminases, elevated creatinine phosphokinase, and rhabdomyolysis

A

Daptomycin

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8
Q

NEVER use this drug in treating pneumonia or lung infection because it is inactivated by pulmonary surfactants

A

Daptomycin

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9
Q

this cell wall inhibitor has a similar structure to vanco, and is a good alternative to vanco, dapto, and linezolid for complicated skin infections

A

Telavancin

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10
Q

televancin coverage?

A

drug-resistant gram (+), MRSA, VRE

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11
Q

What is the last possible choice for antibiotic to treat hospital acquired bacterial pneumonia, only when nothing else is suitable?

A

Televancin

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12
Q

Can you safely administer telavancin in pregnant women?

A

NO - not recommended in pregnancy

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13
Q

Adverse effects of this drug include taste disturbances, foamy urine, QT prolongation, and can interfere with coag labs

A

Telavancin

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14
Q

This cell wall inhibitor works as a bactericidal and is often used to treat E.coli in UTIs

A

Fosfomycin

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15
Q

When treating UTIs with fosfomycin, which organism(s) are we targeting?

A

E.coli and E. faecalis

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16
Q

How do you describe the absorption speed of fosfomycin?

A

RAPID (given po)

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17
Q

Which organs/areas does fosfomycin distribute well to?

A

kidneys, bladder, prostate

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18
Q

This cell wall inhibitor binds to gram (-) cell membranes and disrupt their wall integrity, causing leakage and death of the cell

A

Polymixin

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19
Q

Coverage of polymixins?

A 
gram negative
p. aeruginosa
e.coli
k. pneumonia
acinetobacter
enterobacter
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20
Q

What 2 organisms is polymixin intrinsically resistant to?

A

proteus and serratia

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21
Q

This antibiotic is used as a desperate choice for multi drug resistant gram-negative infections (salvage therapy)

A

Polymixins

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22
Q

What subtype of penicillin do amoxicillin and ampicillin fall under?

A

Extended spectrum

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23
Q

Which cell-wall inhibitors are susceptible to beta lactamase?

A

Extended spectrum
natural penicillins
antipseudomonals

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24
Q

extended spectrum penicillins have the usual coverage against gram(+), but with the added coverage of _____

A

gram (-)

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25
What is the drug of choice for gram (+) bacillus LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES
Ampicillin
26
Penicillin DOES NOT COVER:
mycobacteria, protozoa, fungi, viruses
27
what are the antistaphylococcal penicillins?
Dicloxacillin | Oxacillin
28
What is the coverage for antistaphylococcal penicilins?
gram positive staph; including penicillinase-producing staph (MSSA)
29
what is NOT covered by antistaphylococcal penicillin
gram negative or | MRSA
30
What are the antipseudomonal penicillins?
Piperacillin | Ticarcillin
31
piperacillin and ticarcillin coverage?
pseudomonas aeruginosa, (gram (-) bacilli)
32
Do the antipseudomonals cover Klebsiella?
NO
33
What is the reason that cephalosporins and penicillins cross react?
they have similar beta lactam ring structures
34
These meds do not have significant antibiotic activity, and are often combined with Abx to increase resistance to beta lactamase
Beta lactamase inhibitors
35
Gram positive coverage ____ with each cephalosporin generation, while gram negative coverage ____
decreases; increases
36
which cephalosporin is the drug of choice for renal dysfunction?
ceftriaxone (3rd generation) - it is not renally eliminated
37
Which cephalosporins are able to cross into the CSF?
Ceftriaxone | cefotaxime
38
How are cephalosporins similar in structure to penicillins?
they both have a beta-lactam ring
39
cephalosporins tend to be more resistant to beta lactamases, but susceptible to ____
ESBL
40
1st generation cephalosporins (Cefazolin and Cephalexin) are predominantly gram positive coverage, with SOME gram negative coverage of which organisms?
proteus mirabilis e. coli k. pneumonia (gram negative bacilli)
41
What is Cefazolin used most frequently for and why?
pre-surgery, due to its short 1/2 life and activity against s. aureus. It can also penetrate bone
42
As we progress to the 2nd generation cephalosporins, they lose some gram positive coverage, but gain 3 more gram negative coverages. What are they?
H. influenza, enterobacter aerogenes, neisseria
43
Which 2nd generation cephalosporins have activity against anaerobes?
Cefotetan | Cefoxitin
44
Moving into the 3rd generation cephalosporins, we are gaining even more activity against
gram negative bacilli.
45
True or False: 3rd generation cephalosporins are great antibiotics, but if you can choose something less broad coverage, go with that instead to avoid resistance
TRUE
46
Does 4th generation cephalosporin (Cefepime) have activity against MSSA and MRSA?
NO - only gram positive staph/strep
47
What does Cefepime cover regarding gram negative organisms?
``` AEROBIC GRAM (-): enterobacter e. coli k. pneumonia p. mirabilis. p. aeruginosa ```
48
Does ceftaroline (5th gen ceph) have MRSA coverage?
YES - only cephalosporin that does.
49
What is the distribution of Carbapenems?
Penetrates the CSF
50
Imipenem, Merpenem, and Ertapenem are all what type of antibiotic?
Carbapenems
51
Which carbapenem should be combined with cilastin to avoid renal toxicity?
Imipenem
52
Are carbapenems susceptible to or resistant against beta lactamase?
resists beta-lactamase
53
Carbapenem coverage
beta-lactamase producing gram positive and gram negative anaerobes. also p. aeruginosa, but some resistance happening
54
Aztreonam is what type of antibiotic?
Monobactam
55
Aztreonam (monobactam) coverage?
mostly gram negative
56
Does Aztreonam cover gram positive?
NO coverage of gram positive of anaerobes
57
What anatomic sites are normally sterile?
CSF blood Urine
58
Infection arising from one's own normal flora is known as ______
endogenous infection
59
The presence of bacteria NOT causing disease is known as ______
colonization
60
The presence of bacteria that are causing disease is called ____
an infection
61
infections acquired from an external source (human-human transmission) are called _____
exogenous bacterial infections
62
What are the 2 most common resistant pathogens?
MRSA | VRE (vanco resistant enterococcus)
63
what is called when resistance is occurring in a patient's non-2targeted flora that can cause secondary infections? (c. diff)
collateral damage
64
Tetracycline coverage
gram (+) gram (-), protozoa, spirochetes, mycobacteria, atypicals
65
True or False: If a patient is resistant to 1 tetracycline they will be resistant to all
FALSE. try another one if they are resistant to one
66
Is tetracycline used in pregnancy?
Avoid in pregnancy. Crosses placenta and affects fetal bones,
67
Which tetracycline is the best choice for renal dysfunction
Doxycycline
68
This class of antibiotics binds to tissues that undergo calcifications, such as teeth, bones.
Tetracyclines
69
When do you avoid administering tetracyclines due to bone dysfunction, growth shunting
pregnancy, lactation, kids
70
What is the only bacteriocidal protein synthesis antibiotic?
``` Aminoglycosides: amikacin gentamycin tobramycin streptomycin ```
71
Amikacin Gentamycin Tobramycin Streptomycin
Aminoglycosides (protein synthesis inhibitors)
72
aminoglycosides have post-anti-biotic effect. What does this mean?
still have bacterial suppression after below target concentration
73
What is the one BACTERICIDAL class of protein synthesis inhibitors?
aminoglycosides
74
What infection can occur from overuse of fluoroquinolones?
C. diff
75
Which fluoroquinolones are great for respiratory infections caused by s. pneumoniae (CAP)
moxifloxacin and levofloxacin
76
Which fluoroquinolone would be best for someone with kidney dysfunction?
Moxifloxacin - eliminated through liver

Antibiotics 1 (1 decks)

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