Antibiotics + Infectious Diseases Flashcards
(23 cards)
This is the “chemical bullet” that is meant to kill microbial cells but not the host’s cells.
Selective Toxicity
How does penicillin work?
By inihibiting the cross-linking of peptidoglycan in cell wall. Interferes with the normal formation of cell wall
What is the most important cause of geentic diversity in microbial populations?
Mutations
This is the enzyme used by bacteria to destroy penicillin
Beta lactamase
What are the 3 steps of Horizontal Gene Transfer?
Transformation, Transduction, Conjugation
What are ways to reduce antibiotic resistance?
1) decrease antibiotic utilization
2) improve diagnostics
3) identify new targets
4) combination therapy
What are the 5 stages of an infectious disease?
1) Incubation
2) Prodromal Period
3) Illness
4) Decline
5) Convalescence
What stage of an infectious disease is the most infectious stage?
Illness Stage
This stage is when there are vague, and general symptoms of the disease
Prodromal Stage
This stage is when the signs and symptoms are declining.
Decline Stage
This is the stage where there are no longer any signs or symptoms.
Convalescence Stage
How long could Incubation Stage last?
16-20 hours
This is the study of disease transmission
Epidemiology
What are the 6 components of the chain of infection?
1) Causative Agent
2) Source of causative agent
3) How causative agent leave the body (like secretions, excretions, droplets)
4) Mode of transmission of pathogen (is it airborne or vector or contact)
5) How does it enter the body?
6) Who are at most risk of the infection?
What are 6 ways to break the chain of infection?
1) Rapid detection
2) Sterilisation, disinfection, good hygience
3) Disinfection, water removal
4) Airflow control, bedspacing
5) Aseptic Techniques Catheter, Wound Care
6) Identifying who’s at risk, and targetting them for special care, vaccinations and education
This is the incidence of death in a population.
Mortality
This is the incidence of disease, including fatal and nonfatal.
Number of new cases of the disease.
Morbidity
The ______ of a disease is the total number of new and exisiting cases in a population in a given time.
Prevalence
What are the 4 classifications of infectious disease?
Endemic, pandemic, sporadic, epidemic
This is the amount of disease usually present in a community/of a particular geographical area.
Endemic
A disease that occurs infrequently and irregularly
Sporadic
An increase, often sudden, in the number of cases of a disease above what is normally expected in that population, in that area.
Epidemic.
An epidemic that has spread over several countries or continents usually affecting a large number of people.
Pandemic
