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Clinical 2 (Sam) > Antibiotics Intro Lecture > Flashcards

Antibiotics Intro Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

What is included in the penicillins?

A
  • penicillin V

- penicillin G

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2
Q

What are the 1st generation cephalosporins?

A
  • cefadroxil
  • cephalexin
  • cefazolin
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3
Q

What are the 2nd generation cephalosporins?

A
  • cefaclor
  • cefprozil
  • cefuroxime
  • cefoxitin
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4
Q

What are the 3rd generation cephalosporins?

A
  • cefixime
  • cefotaxime
  • ceftriaxone
  • ceftazidime
  • ceftolazane-tazobactam
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5
Q

What is tazobactam?

A

B lactamase inhibitor

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6
Q

What is a 4th gen cephalosporin?

A

-Cefepime

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7
Q

What is a 5th gen cephalosporin?

A

-Ceftaroline

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8
Q

List examples of carbapenems

A
  • doripenem
  • ertapenem
  • imipenem-cilastatin
  • meropenem
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9
Q

List examples of macrolides

A
  • erythromycin

- clarithromycin

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10
Q

List an example of azalide

A

-azithromycin

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11
Q

List examples of tetracyclines

A
  • doxycycline
  • minocycline
  • tetracycline
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12
Q

List examples of glycylcycline

A

-Tigecycline

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13
Q

List examples of a Fluoroquinolone

A

-ciprofloxacin

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14
Q

List examples of a “urinary” fluoroquinolone

A

-norfloxacin

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15
Q

List examples of “respiratory” fluoroquinolone

A
  • levofloxacin

- moxifloxacin

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16
Q

List the aminoglycosides

A
  • amikacin
  • gentamicin
  • tobramycin
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17
Q

Clindamycin is a _______

A

Lincosamide

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18
Q

What is Daptomycin

A

Cyclic lipopeptide

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19
Q

Give an example of an Oxazolidinone

A

Linezolid

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20
Q

__________ is in it’s own class

A

metronidazole

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21
Q

__________ is in it’s own class

A

nitrofurantoin

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22
Q

What is an example of a Rifamycin

A

Rifampin

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23
Q

Give an example of a sulphonamide

A

TMP/SMX

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24
Q

What is an example of a lipoglycopeptide?

A

Telavancin

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25
Q

What is an example of a glycopeptide?

A

vancomycin

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26
Q

_______ is penicillinase-stable

A

Cloxacillin

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27
Q

List 3 ES (extended spectrum) penicillins

A
  • amoxicillin
  • ampicillin
  • piperacillin
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28
Q

List 2 ES penicillin with a Beta lactamase inhibitor

A
  • Amoxicillin-clavulanate

- Piperacillin-tazobactam

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29
Q

MOA of Penicillins

A

Inhibitis PBP in peptidoglycan cross linking and cell wall synthesis (bactericidal)

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30
Q

What do Penicillins target?

A

GP Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Listeria

GN Niesseria, Treponema pallidum

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31
Q

What does Cloxacillin cover?

A

GP Streptococcus, S. aureus (NOT MRSA)

32
Q

What does amoxicillin cover?

A

GP Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Listeria
GN Niesseria, Treponema pallidum
+
GN E.coli, Proteus, H. flu

33
Q

What does amoxicillin-clav cover?

A 
GP Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Listeria
GN Niesseria, Treponema pallidum
\+ 
GN E.coli, Proteus, H. flu
\+
GP S aureus not MRSA
GN E.coli, H. flu
Anaerobes (B. fragilis)
34
Q

What does Piperacilllin cover?

A

GP Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Listeria
GN Niesseria, Treponema pallidum
+
GN Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Serratia, Acinetobacter, Psudomonas

35
Q

What does Piperacillin-tazobactam cover?

A 
GP Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Listeria
GN Niesseria, Treponema pallidum
\+
GN Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Serratia, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas
\+
GP S aureus (not MRSA)
Anaerobes (B. fragilis)
36
Q

MOA of Cephalosporins

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis (bactericidal)

37
Q

What do 1st gen cephalosporins cover?

A

GP Streptococcus, S aureus (not MRSA), not Enterococcus

GN E. coli, Klebsiella, P. mirabilis

38
Q

What do 2nd gen cephalosporins cover?

cefaclor, cefprozil, cefuroxime

A

GP Streptococcus, S aureus (not MRSA), not Enterococcus
GN E. coli, Klebsiella, P. mirabilis
BUT
-decreased S aureus
-increased S. pneumonia for cefprozil and cefuroximine
-increased GN including H. flu, Moraxella

39
Q

What do 2nd gen cephalosporins cover?

cefoxitin

A

GP Streptococcus, S aureus (not MRSA), not Enterococcus
GN E. coli, Klebsiella, P. mirabilis
BUT
-decreased S aureus
-increased S. pneumonia for cefprozil and cefuroximine
-increased GN including H. flu, Moraxella

+
Anaerobes (B. fragilis)

40
Q

What do 3rd gen cephalosporins cover?

Cefixime, Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone

A
  • Variable GP coverage
  • Increased S. pneumonia for Cefotaxime and Ceftriaxone
  • Increased GN Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Serratia, Acinetobacter not Psueodmonas
41
Q

What do 3rd gen cephalosporins cover?

ceftazadime

A
  • Decreased GP (S. pneumonia, S. aureus)

- Increased GN including Pseudomonas

42
Q

What does 3rd gen cephalosporin + B lactamase inhibitor cover?
(ceftolazane-tazobactam)

A

-Decreased GP (S. pneumonia, S. aureus)
-Increased GN including Pseudomonas
+
-Increased coverage of GN B-lactamase producers

43
Q

What does 4th gen cephalosporins cover?

cefepime

A
  • Increased GP S. pneumoniae, S. aureus

- Increased GN including Pseudomonas

44
Q

What does 5th gen cephalosporins cover?

ceftaroline

A
  • Increased GP S. pneumoniae, S. aureus including MRSA

- Increased GN but variable Pseudomonas

45
Q

MOA of carbapenems

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis (bactericidal)

46
Q

What do carbapenems cover?

doripenem, ertapenem, imipenem-cilastatin, meropenem

A

GP Streptococcus, S. aureus not MRSA, variable E. faecalis except Ertapenem, not E. faecium, not VRE

GN broad including Enterobacter, Pseudomonas except Ertapenem

Anaerobes including B. fragilis

47
Q

MOA of macrolides & azalides

A

Inhibit s30S ribosome (bacteriostatic)

48
Q

What do macrolides & azalides cover?

erythromycin, clarithromycin

A
  • GP variable Streptococcus not PRSP , variable S aureus not MRSA
  • GN H. flu

Atypicals Mycoplasma, Legionella, Chlamydia

49
Q

PRSP

A

penicillin-resistant Strep Pneumoniae

50
Q

MOA of tetracyclines

tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline

A

Inhibit s30S (bacteriostatic)

51
Q

What do tetracyclines target?

A
  • GP S. aureus including CA-MRSA, variable Strep
  • GN broad, not Pseudomonas
  • Atypicals Mycoplasma, Legionella, Chlamydia
52
Q

MOA of glycylcyclines

tigecycline

A 
Inhibit 30S (bacteriostatic)
-Decreased resistance due to ribosomal modification and efflux
53
Q

What do glycylcyclines cover?

tigecycline

A
  • GP Strep including PRSP, S. aureus including MRSA, enterococcus including VRE
  • GN broad, not Pseudomonas
  • Anaerobes
54
Q

MOA of fluoroquinolones

A

Inhibits gyrase, topoisomerase in DNA synthesis (bactericidal)

55
Q

What do FQs cover?

ciprofloxacin

A
  • GP resistance with use
  • GN E. coli, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Serratia, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas
  • Atypicals Mycoplasma, Legionella, Chlamydia
56
Q

What do “urinary” FQs cover?

norfloxacin

A

GN not pseudomonas

57
Q

What do “respiratory” FQs cover?

levofloxacin, moxifloxacin

A

Compared to ciprofloxacin
-Increased S. pneumoniae

Moxifloxacin

  • decreased Pseudomonas
  • increased anaerobes
58
Q

MOA of aminoglycosides

A

Inhibits 30S, cell wall electron transport (bactericidal)

59
Q

What do aminoglycosides cover?

amikacin, gentamycin, tobramycin

A

GN broad including Enterobacter, Pseudomonas

60
Q

MOA of Clindamycin (a Lincosamide)

A

Inhibits 50S ribosome (bacteriostatic)

61
Q

What does Clindamycin cover?

A
  • GP Streptococcus, S. aureus including CA-MRSA

- Anaerobes including B. fragilis

62
Q

MOA of Daptomycin?

A

Depolarizes membrane, inhibits protein, DNA, RNA synthesis (bactericidal)

63
Q

What does Daptomycin cover?

A

GP streptococcus, S. aureus including MRSA, Enterococcus including VRE

64
Q

MOA of Linezolid

A

Inhibits 23 of 50s, and 70S ribosome (bacteriostatic)

65
Q

What does Linezolid cover?

A

GP Streptococcus, S. aureus including MRSA, Enterococcus including VRE

66
Q

MOA of Metronidazole

A

Inhibit s ribosome, DNA via intracellular active metabolites (bactericidal)

67
Q

What does metronidazole cover?

A

Anaerobes only including B fragilis

68
Q

MOA of Nitrofurantoin

A

Inhibits ribosome, DNA through intracellular reduction to active metabolites

69
Q

What does Nitrofurantoin cover?

A

E. coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus including S. saprophiticus

70
Q

MOA of rifampin

A

Inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase

**RESISTANCE DEVELOPS WITH MONOTHERAPY

71
Q

What does Rifampin cover?

A

GP S. aureus, S. epidermidis

72
Q

MOA of TMP/SMX

A

Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthetase

73
Q

What does TMP/SMX cover?

A
  • GP S. aureus including MRSA, variable Streptococcus
  • GN E. coli, H. flu
  • Pneumocystis
74
Q

MOA of Telavancin

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis, cell membrane function (bactericidal)

75
Q

What does Telavancin cover?

A

GP S. aureus including MRSA, Streptococcus, E. faecalis not VRE

76
Q

MOA of Vancomycin?

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis (bactericidal)

77
Q

What does vancomycin cover?

A

GP S. aureus including MRSA, S. epidermidis, Streptococcus including PRSP, Enterococcus not VRE

Clinical 2 (Sam) (18 decks)

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