Antibiotics Listed Flashcards by Barrett Thompson

CIPROFLOXACIN
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal

Fluroquinolones
MOA
o Bind and inhibit DNA gyrase (aka topoisomerase II) and topoisomerase IV.
o Inhibit DURING cutting step, preventing Reattachment
o DNA fragments accumulate leading to cell death

Bacteria: E. COLI (resistance emerging), PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA

Bactericidal

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Levofloxacin
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal

Fluroquinolones

MOA
o Bind and inhibit DNA gyrase (aka topoisomerase II) and topoisomerase IV.
o Inhibit DURING cutting step, preventing Reattachment
o DNA fragments accumulate leading to cell death

Bacteria: E.coli?, Pseudomonas aeruginosa?•

Bactericidal

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RIFAMPIN
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal

Rifamycin

MOA
o Bind PROKARYOTIC specific RNA polymerase
o Prevents initiation of RNA synthesis but not elongation

Easily crosses lipophilic surfaces important for treatment of:
o Mycobacteria (mycolic acid walls) – MYCOBACTERIUM TB
o Staphlococcus Epidermidis and Aureus (Biofilm)
o Bacterial Meningitis (BBB penetration)
o Enters phagocytic cells

Bactericidal *Prevents INITIATION of RNA synthesis

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Rifaximin
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal

Rifamycin

MOA
o Bind PROKARYOTIC specific RNA polymerase
o Prevents initiation of RNA synthesis but not elongation

Easily crosses lipophilic surfaces important for treatment of:
o Mycobacteria (mycolic acid walls)o Staphlococcus Epidermidis and Aureus (Biofilm)
o Bacterial Meningitis (BBB penetration)
o Enters phagocytic cells

Bactericidal *Prevents INITIATION of RNA synthesis

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METRONIDAZOLE
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal

Nitroimidazole

MOA
o Pro-drug – must first be reduced by ferredoxin (a nitroreductase) which turns the nitroimidazole in to a toxic radical the FRAGMENTS DNA.
o Ferredoxin only used in ANAEROBIC bacteria

Bacteria: Only effective against anaerobes Bactericidal

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COTRIMOXAZOLE
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal

DHFR Inhibitor/Sulfonamide

**combination drug of trimethroprim and sulfamethoxazole**

MOA
o Trimethroprim – inhibits PROKARYOTIC DHFR
o Sulfonamide - prevents step 1 of THF acid synthesis by preventing PABA and Pteridine reaction via Pteridine Synthetase

Bacteria: E. COLI , Pneumocystis Jiroveci• Bactericidal

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Trimethoprim
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal

DHFR inhibitor

MOA
o Inhibition of PROKARYOTIC DHFR

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Sulfamethoxazole
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal

Sulfonamide

MOA
o Inhibits step 1 of THF/DHF acid synthesis by preventing PABA and pteridine reaction via Pteridine Synthase inhibition

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DAPTOMYCIN
Group (common root)
MOA (general and specific)
Bacteria Treated
Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal

Lipopeptide Antibiotic

Bind to bacterial membranes and cause rapid depolarization of membrane potential ultimately DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis failed leading to cell death

o NOT effective in lungs due to Surfactant

Bacteria: Gram (+) bacteria

Bactericidal

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FIDAXOMICIN
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal

C. Diff Drug

MOA
o inhibits RNA synthesis by inhibiting sigma dependent transcription

Bacteria: pseudomembranous colitis (C. Diff)

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Nitroflurantoin
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal

Broad-Spectrum

MOA
o Get reduced by flavoproteins then alter ribosomes and other macromolecules

Bactericidal ***only reaches therapeutic concentrations IN URINE

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GENTAMICIN
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal

Aminoglycoside

MOA
o Initial action: Deterioration of outer membrane

Low Conc.: bind to 30S and cause misreadingo

High Conc.: trap ribosome at AUG and prevent any translation

Bacteria: gram (-) aerobes, Pseudomonas • Bactericidal

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Amikacin
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal

Aminoglycoside

MOA
o Initial action: Deterioration of outer membraneo

Low Conc.: bind to 30S and cause misreadingo
High Conc.: trap ribosome at AUG and prevent any translation

Bacteria: gram (-) aerobes, Pseudomonas • Bactericidal

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Neomycin
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal

Aminoglycoside

MOA
o Initial action: Deterioration of outer membraneo

Low Conc.: bind to 30S and cause misreading
High Conc.: trap ribosome at AUG and prevent any translation

Bacteria: gram (-) aerobes, Pseudomonas • Bactericidal

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Streptomycin
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal

Aminoglycoside

MOA

o Initial action: Deterioration of outer membrane

Low Conc.: bind to 30S and cause misreading
High Conc.: trap ribosome at AUG and prevent any translation

Bacteria: gram (-) aerobes, Pseudomonas • Bactericidal

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Tobramycin

Group (common root)
MOA (general and specific)
Bacteria Treated
Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal

Aminoglycoside

MOA
o Initial action: Deterioration of outer membraneo

Low Conc.: bind to 30S and cause misreadingo
High Conc.: trap ribosome at AUG and prevent any translation

Bacteria: gram (-) aerobes, Pseudomonas • Bactericidal

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AZITHROMYCIN
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal

Macrolides

MOA
o Bind to 50S RSU (23S RNA part) and prevent AA transfer to new chain by blocking peptidyl Transferase

o Phagocytosed so may be carried by macrophages to infection site

Bacteria: gram (-), gram (+) • [low] = Bacteriostatic [high] = Bactericidal

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CLARITHROMYCIN
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal

Macrolides

MOA
o Bind to 50S RSU (23S RNA part) and prevent AA transfer to new chain by blocking **peptidyl Transferase

o Phagocytosed so may be carried by macrophages to infection site**

Bacteria: gram (-), gram (+)• [low] = Bacteriostatic [high] = Bactericidal

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ERYTHROMYCIN
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal

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Macrolides
**Least stable of macrolides, labile in stomach acid**

MOA
o Bind to 50S RSU (23S RNA part) and prevent AA transfer to new chain by blocking peptidyl Transferase

o Phagocytosed so may be carried by macrophages to infection site

Bacteria: MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIAE

gram (-), gram (+) • [low] = Bacteriostatic [high] = Bactericidal

Quinpupristin/dalfopristin
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal

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Streptogramins

MOA:
o 50S binding of both (near where macrolides bind) close binding leads to SYNERGISTIC effect

Bacteria: ??

Bactericidal - if synergistic binding of both occurs

CLINDAMYCIN
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal

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Lincosamides

MOA:
o 50S RSU binding at 23S RNA part (PEPTIDYL TRANSFERASE) and cause premature dissociation of peptidyl -tRNA

Bacteria: MRSA – when used in conjunction with vacomycin, gram (+), anaerobes

_Bacteriostatic **Useful in Toxin Producing Infections because it prevents toxin production and slows bacterial growth** (e.g. Diptheria)_

LINEZOLID
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal

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MOA
o bind 50S ribosome at UNIQUE SITE protein synthesis inhibitor
o NO CROSS RESISTANCE

Bacteria: MRSA

DOXYCYCLINE
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal

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Tetracyclines

MOA
o Bind 30S RSU (16S part) and inhibit protein synthesis by weaking ribosome-tRNA interaction

Bacteria: gram (+), gram (-), some anaerobes

Bacterstatic *Mammals lack the ability to take it up so this helps with selectivity

TIGECYCLINE
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal

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Tetracyclines

MOA
o Bind 30S RSU (16S part) and inhibit protein synthesis by weaking ribosome-tRNA interaction

Bacteria: gram (+), gram (-), some anaerobes

Bacterstatic *Mammals lack the ability to take it up so this helps with selectivity

Minocycline • Group (common root) • MOA (general and specific) • Bacteria Treated • Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal

Tetracyclines MOA o Bind **30S RSU (16S part)** and inhibit protein synthesis by **weaking ribosome-tRNA interaction** * Bacteria: gram (+), gram (+), some anaerobes * Bacterstatic \*Mammals lack the ability to take it up so this helps with selectivity

Tetracycline • Group (common root) • MOA (general and specific) • Bacteria Treated • Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal

Tetracyclines MOA o Bind 30S RSU (16S part) and inhibit protein synthesis by weaking ribosome-tRNA interaction Bacteria: gram (+), gram (+), some anaerobes Bacterstatic \*Mammals lack the ability to take it up so this helps with selectivity

MUPIROCIN • Group (common root) • MOA (general and specific) • Bacteria Treated • Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal

Mupirocin MOA o **Isoleucyl transfer-RNA syntetase** inhibition – **NO CROSS-RESISTANCE** with other classes Bacteria: gram (-) and gram (+) , Strep. Pyogenes and MRSA • Bactricidal

Chlroamphenicol • Group (common root) • MOA (general and specific) • Bacteria Treated • Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal

Mupirocin MOA o Isoleucyl transfer-RNA syntetase inhibition – NO CROSS-RESISTANCE with other classes MAY INTERFERE WITH CLINDAMYCIN AND MACROLIDES Bacteria: gram (-) and gram (+) , Strep. Pyogenes and MRSA Bactricidal

FOSFOMYCIN • Group (common root) • MOA (general and specific) • Bacteria Treated • Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal

Unknown group MOA o **Transported in via Glycerol3P** or **G6P transport** system o Uses **epoxide group** to **irreversibly inactivate enolpyruvyl transferase** by taking place of phosphoenolpyruvate THIS HAPPENS EARLY IN CELL WALL SYNTH. Bacteria: ??• Bactericidal

AMPICILLIN • Group (common root) • MOA (general and specific) • Bacteria Treated • Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal

AMINOPENICILLIN MOA: o PBP binding inducing cell wall lysis o NH2 group allows it to cross lipid membrane of gram (-) bacteria Bacteria: gram (+) and gram (-)

AZTREONAM • Group (common root) • MOA (general and specific) • Bacteria Treated • Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal

MONOBACTAM MOA o PBP inhibitor – for one INSIDE the cell wall o SULFONIC acid insteat of thiazole attached to ß-lactam ring Bacteria: gram (+) Bactricidal

PENICILLIN G • Group (common root) • MOA (general and specific) • Bacteria Treated • Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal

Penicillin MOA o Binds to PBP causing cell wall lysis Bacteria: gram (+), STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE, CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS • Bactericidal

PIPERACILLIN • Group (common root) • MOA (general and specific) • Bacteria Treated • Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal

AMINOPENICILLIN – BROAD SPECTRUM MOA: o PBP binding inducing cell wall lysis o NH2 group allows it to cross lipid membrane of gram (-) bacteria Bacteria: gram (+) and gram (-) • Bactericidal

IMIPENEM • Group (common root) • MOA (general and specific) • Bacteria Treated • Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal

Carbapenems MOA: o Inhibit PBP oReplacing sulfur with carbon in the thialzole ring makes it better at penetrating, gives it resistance to bacterial enzymes, and affinity for all PBPs Bacteria: gram(-) and gram (+) (PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA) Bactericidal

IMIPENEM/CILASTIN • Group (common root) • MOA (general and specific) • Bacteria Treated • Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal

Carbapenems MOA: o Inhibit PBP o 6 membered ring makes it better at penetrating, gives it resistance to bacterial enzymes, and affinity for all PBPs Bacteria: gram(-) and gram (+) (PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA)• Bactericidal \*\*CILASTIN inhibits DHP-2 in kidney proximal tubules INCREASING urinary concentration of Imipenem

AMOXICILLIN • Group (common root) • MOA (general and specific) • Bacteria Treated • Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal

AMINOPENICILLIN MOA: o PBP binding inducing cell wall lysis o NH2 group allows it to cross lipid membrane of gram (-) bacteria Bacteria: gram (+) and gram (-)

CALVULANIC ACID Given with Piperacillin to inhibit ß-lactamases

TAZOBACTAM Given with Piperacillin to inhibit ß-lactamases

Nafcillin • Group (common root) • MOA (general and specific) • Bacteria Treated • Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal

Penicillin – NARROW spectrum MOA: o PBP binding leading to cell wall degradationo Bulky side chain inhibits ß-lactamases Bacteria: gram (+)• Bactericidal

OXACILLIN • Group (common root) • MOA (general and specific) • Bacteria Treated • Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal • Broad or Narrow Spectrum

Penicillin – NARROW spectrum MOA: o PBP binding leading to cell wall degradationo Bulky side chain inhibits ß-lactamases Bacteria: gram (+), non-MRSA STAPH. • Bactericidal

PENICILLIN V • Group (common root) • MOA (general and specific) • Bacteria Treated • Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal

Penicillin MOA o Binds to PBP causing cell wall lysis Bacteria: gram (+)• Bactericidal

VANCOMYCIN • Group (common root) • MOA (general and specific) • Bacteria Treated • Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal

Vancomycin MOA o Prevents binding of traspeptidases to D-ala D-ala Bacteria: gram (+) (e.g. C. Diff), MRSA, (STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE – only if resitance to penicillin)• Bactericidal

Cefazolin • Group (common root) • MOA (general and specific) • Bacteria Treated • Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal • WHEN is it used?

Cephalosporin I MOA: o 6 memebered ring, PBP inhibition leading to cell wall degradation Bacteria: Steptococcus or Staphylococcus • Bactricidal• SURGICAL PROPHYLAXIS

CEPHALEXIN • Group (common root) • MOA (general and specific) • Bacteria Treated • Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal • WHEN is it used?

Cephalosporin I MOA: o 6 memebered ring, PBP inhibition leading to cell wall degradation Bacteria: Steptococcus or Staphylococcus • Bactricidal• OUT PATIENT USE

Cefepime • Group (common root) • MOA (general and specific) • Bacteria Treated • Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal • Treats WHAT?

Cephalosporin IV MOA o 6 memebered ring, PBP inhibition leading to cell wall degradation Bacteria: gram (-) anaerobes • Treats – Pseudomonal Infections (PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA)

CEFTRIAXONE • Group (common root) • MOA (general and specific) • Bacteria Treated • Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal • Treats WHAT?

Cephalosporin III MOA o 6 memebered ring, PBP inhibition leading to cell wall degradation Bacteria: gram (-) anaerobes , STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE Treats – pediatric meningitis

Antibiotics Listed Flashcards

(45 cards)