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Ref Manual 24 > Antibiotics, Prophylaxis, & Other meds > Flashcards

Antibiotics, Prophylaxis, & Other meds Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

Does doxycycline use always cause tooth discolouration?

A

NO.
Not if short term <21 days use, even in children under 7 years of age

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2
Q

What is the appropriate time frame for antibiotic prophylaxis?

A

Before: 30-60min
After: up to 2hours after

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3
Q

You have a 5 year old patient with who as been taking Amoxicillin for an ear infection that requires SBE prophylaxis. What are appropriate oral antibiotics (name 3)?

A

Azithromycin
Doxycycline

Not cephalexin since its a beta lactam

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4
Q

Acetaminophen Dosage for children <12yrs

A

10-15mg/kg every 4-6hrs

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5
Q

Acetaminophen max dosage for children <12yrs

A

75mg/kg (do not exceed 4000mg/24hrs)

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6
Q

Acetaminophen Dosage for children/adolescents >12yrs

A

325-650 mg every 4-6 hours

OR

1000mg 3-4x daily

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7
Q

Acetaminophen max dosage for children/adolescents >12yrs

A

4000mg per day

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8
Q

Ibuprofen Dosage for children <12yrs

A

4-10mg/kg/dose 6-8hrs

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9
Q

Ibuprofen Dosage for children/adolescents >12yrs

A

200-400mg 4-6hrs

3200mg per day

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10
Q

Amoxicillin dosage child <40kg

A

20-40 mg/kg/day every 8hrs

500mg max per dose

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11
Q

Amoxicillin dosage child >40kg

A

250-500mg every 8hrs

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12
Q

Amoxicillin dosage for SBE

A

50mg/kg 30-60min before procedure

2g max dose (children/adults >40kg)

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13
Q

Azithromycin dosage child and adolescents

A

SINGLE DOSE EACH DAY
10-12mg/kg on day 1 (max 500mg)
5-6mg/kg days 2-5 (max 250mg)

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14
Q

Azithromycin dosage adults/children >40kg

A

500mg day 1; 250mg days 2-5

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15
Q

Azithromycin dosage SBE

A

15mg/kg (max 500mg) 30-60min before procedure

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16
Q

Risk of azithromycin

A

can cause cardiac arrhythmias in pts with pre-exiting cardiac conduction defects

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17
Q

Cephalexin dosage children/adolescents

A

25-50mg/kg/day
divided into 6-12hrs

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18
Q

Cephalexin max dosage children/adolescents

A

2000mg maximum daily dose

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19
Q

Cephalexin dosage and maximum dosage adults

A

250-1000mg every 6hrs

4000mg maximum daily dose

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20
Q

Cephalexin SBE dosage

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A

50mg/kg 30-60min before
2000mg max dose

identical to amoxicillin

21
Q

Cephalexin contraindications

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A

history of anaphylaxis, angioedema with penicillin/ampicillin

22
Q

Doxycycline dosage children (and what age is cut off)

Study These Flashcards
A

children >8yrs old: 2.2mg/kg/dose every 12hrs

100mg = max dose

23
Q

Doxycycline dosage adults

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A

100-200mg/day 1x daily OR 2x daily 12hrs

24
Q

Metronidazole dosage in children for oral infections

Study These Flashcards
A

NOT RECOMMENDED

25
Metronidazole dosage in adolescents/adult for oral infections
500mg every 8hrs with penicillin
26
What antibiotics are used for periodontal disease in children?
Amoxicillin and/or Metronidazole Azithromycin if penicillin allergy
27
0.12% Chlorhexidine gluconate indications and dosages
gingivitis/periodontitis off-label for stomatitis Children >8yrs = Rinse with 15mL 2x daily for 30s and spit out
28
Fluconazole dosage infants, children, adolescents
6-12mg/kg/dose ONCE daily for 7-14 days
29
Fluconazole Adult dose
200mg day 1, 100-200mg ONCE daily 7-14 days
30
Fluconazole contraindications
Fluconazole is a hepatic enzyme inhibitor risky for pts with other meds metabolized by cytochrome P450 enymes
31
Nystatin dose infants
2mL 4x daily 7-14 days 1/2 dose placed in each side of mouth
32
Nystatin dose children/adolescents/adults
swish 4-6mL 4x daily for 7-14 days continue for 48hrs after symptoms resolve NPO 30min
33
Acyclovir for primary herpetic gingivostomatitis in children
20mg/kg/dose 4x daily for 5-7 days 800mg max dose
34
Acyclovir for herpes labialis in children and adolescents
Children: 20mg/kg/dose 4x daily until clinical resolution or 7-10 days 400mg max dose Adolescents/adults: 400mg up to 3x daily until resolution or 7-10 days
35
Topical Corticosteroid indications
non-infectious ulcers, mucocutaneous lesions i.e. aphthous ulcers, localized allergic reactions, symptomatic benign migratory glossitis
36
Triamcinolone acetonide (medium potency corticosteroid) application
apply paste to ulcers 2-4x daily, after meals and at bedtime DO NOT EXCEED 14 DAYS NPO 30min
37
Clobetasol (super-high potency corticosteroid) application
apply thin amount to ulcers 2-4x daily, after meals and at bedtime DO NOT EXCEED 14 DAYS
38
What sort of dental procedures require antibiotic prophylaxis for subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE)?
Manipulation of: 1) Gingival tissues (prophy, scaling) 2) Periapical region of teeth (EXT, Endo) OR 3) Perforation of oral mucosa (BUT! Local through non-infected tissue is ok... lol)
39
You have a patient presenting in the ED with 1) Hx of mitral valve prolapse 2) Torn lip Do they need SBE?
NO. SBE not recommended for mitral valve prolapse, or bleeding from trauma to the lip or oral mucosa
40
What are Cardiac indications for subacute bacterial endocarditis antibiotic prophylaxis (SBE)?
1) History of Infective Endocarditis (Previous, relapse, or recurrent) 2) Congenital heart defect that is: - Unrepaired & Cyanotic (palliative shunt is NOT a repair) - Repaired in the past 6 months - Repaired with Residual Defects 3) Cardiac transplant patient WITH cardiac valvulopathy 4) Patient has prosthetic heart valve OR Left Ventricular Assisting Device (LVAD)
41
What is the appropriate SBE dosage for Clindamycin?
SIKE. AAPD 2022 guidelines do not recommend Clindamycin for SBE due to frequent & severe reactions such as C. Difficile infections
42
Which dental procedures DO NOT require SBE?
1) Radiographs 2) Ortho brackets, bands, etc. 3) Bleeding from trauma to LIP or ORAL Mucosa 4) Local injections through "non infected tissue" lol
43
Which cardiac conditions DO NOT require SBE?
1) Patient has a hx of septal defect that is COMPLETLY closed (ASD, VSD) 2) Patient has a coronary artery stent 3) Patient has a ventriculoatrial shunt (brain to atria) 4) Patient has a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt
44
Some immuncompromised patients will require antibiotic prophylaxis after consultation with physicians. "Yellow Flag" conditions include:
1) Neutropenic patients (Chediak Higashi) 2) Cancer patients undergoing chemo/radiation 3) Sickle Cell anemia 4) Asplenic patients 5) Severe autoimmune disease (lupus, juvenile arthritis) 6) Kidney failure: hemodialysis patients 7) Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus 8) Chronic *high-dose* steroid use
45
Scully & Vinson like Cefdinir for odontogenic infections. What's the dosage?
Cefdinir (Omnicef): 7mg/kg every 12h Maximum (adult) 300 mg/dose
46
What are your anaerobic "Heavy hitters" for odontogenic infections?
1) Clindamycin Child: 20-30mg/day into 3 doses q8h Adult: 300-450mg every 6-8h (max 1800mg) 2) *additional* Metronidazole Child: NOPE Adult: add on 500mg q8h to penecillin/cephalosporin
47
Clindamycin dosage kids
20-30mg/kg/day 3 doses q8h (max single dose 450mg)
48
Clindamycin dosage adults
300-450mg q8h (max daily dose 1800mg)

Ref Manual 24 (10 decks)

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