antibiotics symposium 2: what to choose?

Question 1

how do beta lactams work and which types of bacteria are they especially good for?

Answer 1

bind to penicillin binding proteins - G+ bacteria, but also work for G- bacteria

Question 2

What antibiotic is used for group A strep in the throat?

Answer 2

Penicillin V

Question 3

which antibiotic can be used for Strep. penumoniae?

Answer 3

Amoxicillin

Question 4

which of the beta lactams would be suitable for G- bacteria?

Answer 4

co-amoxiclav
piperacillin-taxobactam (tazocin)
meropenem
cefuroxime
ceftriaxone
cefotaxime

Question 5

why are cephalosporins used?

Answer 5

good for people with a penicillin allergy
better for more resistant bugs
get into different parts of the body eg the CNS

Question 6

what kind of infections do G+ bacteria cause?

Answer 6

skin infections
chest
throat

Question 7

what kind of infections do gram - bacteria cause?

Answer 7

urine
gallbladder
abdominal infections
infectious diarrhoea

Question 8

Give examples of G+ skin infections

Answer 8

Staph. aureus

strep pyogenes

Question 9

Give an example of a gram positive chest infection

Answer 9

Strep pneumoniae

Question 10

give examples of G+ throat infections

Answer 10

group A strep (pyogenes)

Question 11

give examples of G- infectious diarrhoeal infections

Answer 11

shigella

salmonella

Question 12

give examples of glycopeptides

Answer 12

vancomycin and teicoplanin

Question 13

when would you use the glycopeptides?

Answer 13

MRSA

penicillin allergy

Question 14

given the glycopeptides are cell wall killers what type of infections would you use it for?

Answer 14

G+ ones eg chest, throat and skin infections

Question 15

how do the macrolides work?

Answer 15

affect protein synthesis

Question 16

give examples of macrolides

Answer 16

clarythromycin and erythromycin

Question 17

how do the lincosamides work?

Answer 17

affect protein synthesis

Question 18

give an example of a lincosamide

Answer 18

clindamycin

Question 19

what are macrolides used for?

Answer 19

G+ and atypical pneumonias

Question 20

what are lincosamides used for?

Answer 20

G+ staph aureus, Group A strep and anaerobes

Question 21

when can you use clindamycin?

Answer 21

in cellulitis if allergic to penicillin or in necrotising fasciitis (turns off toxins produced by bacteria)

Question 22

is it easier to develop resistance to proteins or to cell wall antibiotics?

Answer 22

proteins - so resisitance to macrolides is higher than beta lactams

Question 23

give an example of a tetracycline?

Answer 23

doxycycline

Question 24

when is doxycycline used?

Answer 24

G+ but broad spec

can be used in cellulitis if there is a penicillin allergy and chest infections

Question 25

so overall what classes of antibiotics can you use for G+ infections?

Answer 25

beta lactams 
macrolides
lincosamides
tetracyclines 
glycopeptides

Question 26

What are the antibiotics that can be used for G- infections?

Answer 26

ciprofloxacin
tripmethoprim
nitrofurantoin
‘high up’ beta lactams (like cephalosporins and carbapenems)

Question 27

what infections can ciprofloxacin be used for?

Answer 27

urinary tract infections, gallbladder infections, abdominal infections

Question 28

what is trimethoprim and nitrofurantoin used for?

Answer 28

UTIs

Question 29

what is a negative side effect of ciprofloxacin?

Answer 29

C. diff

Question 30

what enzyme are G- bacteria good at making?

Answer 30

beta lactamases

Question 31

what are the commonest cellulitis causing bacteria?

Answer 31

group A strep

staphylococcus

Question 32

what antibiotic is more ‘streppy’

Answer 32

amoxicillin

Question 33

can flucloxacillin target staph and strep?

Answer 33

yes

Question 34

how is amoxicillin administered?

Answer 34

orally