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Flashcards in Antibiotics: Targets Deck (25)
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1
Q

What is the drug of choice for treating syphilis?

A

Penicillin V (or G for i.v. administration)

2
Q

What are the drugs of choice for treating non-VRE enterococci / group D strep infections?

A

Ampicillin or Amoxicillin (broad spectrum penicillins / aminopenicillins)

3
Q

What is the first-line drug for a simple GAS pharyngitis (strep throat)?

A

Penicillin V (or G for i.v. administration)

4
Q

What drugs are best used to treat community-acquired abscesses and cellulitis (likely to involve S. aureus and group A strep)?

A

Very narrow spectrum / penicillinase-resistant penicillins and 1st generation cephalosporins

5
Q

What drugs are best used to treat acute sinusitis (likely to involve H. flu and Moraxella)?

A

Broad spectrum penicillins / aminopenicillins

6
Q

What drugs are best used to treat recurrent sinusitis, acute sinusitis in a COPD patient, and complicated abscesses or cellulitis (ex. foot ulcers with poor circulation)?

A

Penicillin + suicide inhibitors (amoxicillin-clavulunate, piperacillin-tazobactam) and 2nd generation cephalosporins

7
Q

What drugs cover the same Gram(+) organisms as aminopenicillins, but cover more Gram(-) organisms also?

A

Extended spectrum penicillins (piperacillin); 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins are similar

8
Q

List 3 drugs/classes that you should think of when faced with infection of a chronic indwelling catheter or with Gram(-) sepsis.

A

Extended spectrum penicillins (piperacillin), 3rd generation cephalosporins (esp. ceftazadime), and aminoglycosides (first line for immediate Gram(-) treatment)

9
Q

What drug is mostly used in ICU patients who need broad coverage of all Gram(-) and Gram(+) organisms? What is one notable organism that it does NOT cover?

A

Imipenem (carbapenem): covers almost everything except MRSA

10
Q

If a patient presents to the hospital with Gram(-) pneumonia and renal dysfunction, what is a good drug to start them on?

A

Aztreonam (monobactam)

11
Q

What drug is useful for treating complicated Staph (MRSA), Enterococcus (ampicillin resistant), and C. difficile (metronidazole resistant) infections?

A

Vancomycin (glycopeptide)

12
Q

What 5 drug classes can be used to treat MRSA?

A

Glycopeptide, tetracycline, macrolides, clindamycin, linezolid

13
Q

Name 2 drugs used to treat VRSA.

A

Daptomycin, Linezolid

14
Q

Name 4 drug classes that are primarily used to treat Gram(-) infections: so they work on pseudomonas, but not on C. difficile

A

Monobactam, colistin, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones

15
Q

Which drug is best for a cystic fibrosis patient with resistant pseudomonas infection?

A

Colistin

16
Q

Which 2 drug classes are the best choice for treating intracellular pathogens like mycoplasma, chlamydia, legionella, and rickettsia?

A

Tetracyclines and macrolides

17
Q

Which drug is effective against all Gram(+) anaerobes except C. difficile?

A

Clindamycin (generally works “above the diaphragm”)

18
Q

Which drug is effective against all anaerobes, Gram(+) and (-), including C. difficile and H. pylori?

A

Metronidazole (generally works “below the diaphragm”)

19
Q

What is the first-line drug for treatment of uncomplicated UTI’s?

A

TMP-SMX (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole)

20
Q

If a UTI is unresponsive / resistant to TMP-SMX, what drugs should be given next?

A

Fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin)

21
Q

What drug is good for treating pelvic inflammatory disease involving N. gonorrhea?

A

Ceftriaxone (3rd gen cephalosporin)

22
Q

What drug is good for treating pelvic inflammatory disease involving chlamydia?

A

Doxycycline (second choice: azithromycin)

23
Q

What drugs are best for immediate treatment of Gram(-) sepsis?

A

Aminoglycosides (gentamycin, tobramycin, streptomycin, etc.)

24
Q

You suspect a patient has C. difficile. What is the first drug you should try giving them? What is the second drug to think of if that fails?

A

Metronidazole; then vancomycin

25
Q

Which anti-TB drug also has efficacy against MSSA?

A

Rifampin