Antibiotics Used In Infection Flashcards
(33 cards)
What are the linkcosamides
*clindamycin, lincomysin, pirlimycin.
How do lincosamides work
Prevent replication by inhibiting the 50s subunit
Adverse effects of clindamycin
Pseudomembranas colitis
What are lincosamides used for
Anaerobes (female gu tract or penetrating wounds)
TSS (staph or strep)
Gram + if allergic to penicillin
Name 3 macrolides
Erythromycin, Azithromycin, Clarithromycin
What macrolide is well absorbed in IV
Azithromycin (actively transported to infection)
Note does not block CYP450
Adverse effects of erythromycin
QT prolongation and torsades
GI upset (decreased motility)
Rare: cholestatic jaundice
What atypical organisms would macrolides treat?
Legionella
Mycoplasma
Chlamydia
How do betalactam rings work
Competitive inhibition of the traspeptidase enzyme. Inhibit cell wall synthesis
Which B lactamase is oral and which are IV *(name brands)
Oral: augmentin
IV: unsasym, timentin, zosyn
Actual drug names end in bactam
What do cephalosporins do
Inhibit the transpeptidase enzyme to inhibit cell wall synthesis
What drug is used for meningitis
Ceftriaxone, it crossed the BBB
Which cephalosporins interfere with alcohol metabolism and why?
Cefamandol, cefmetazole, cefotetan
They have a NMTT side chain. Interferes with K dependent clotting factors and alcohol metabolism
What is the MOA for Quinolones?
Inhibit DNA gyrase/topoisomerase 2
Causes point mutation in this gene
Which quinolone has extended spectrum coverage
Levofloxacin. (Strep pneumonia) good for community acquired pneumonia
What are some adverse effects of Quinolones
GI symptoms, hepatotoxic Itú, damage cartilage (don’t use in kids and pregnancy) - tendinitis and tendon rupture
What is tetracyclines moa
Bind to 30s ribosomal subunit
Good for spyrochetes
What are the adverse effects of tetracycline
Depresses bone growth by chelating calcium. Do not use for infants and pregnant women
MOA of carbepenems
Inhibit cell wall sythesis
Patients with a penicillin allergy also likely have an allergy to which carbapenem
Imipenem. Always given with Cilistatin (to inhibit DHP1 inhibitor)
What is unique about carbapenems
They cover almost everything. A beta lactamase can be added to combat growing resistance
MOA of Oxazolidinone and use
Inhibits 50s subunit, good for home therapy in oral form.
What is a therapeutic use of Oxazolidinone
Infections due to MRSA and vancomycin resistant enterococcus
What antibiotics are used in CAP
Amoxicillin and Doxycylin
Use when there are no risk factors for pseudomonas
