ANTIBIOTICSS | AMINOGLY - DOC Flashcards
(131 cards)
1
Q
A
2
Q
- contain amino sugar that are linked by glycosidic bond
- contain 1,3-diaminocyclohexane central ring
- STRONGLY basic (sulfates), potent, broad spectrum
- mainly active against gram-negative and treat nosocomial infections
A
AMINOGLYCOSIDES
3
Q
AMINOGLYCOSIDES
ADVERSE EFFECTS:
can cause ____
A
neuromuscular blockade
4
Q
AMINOGLYCOSIDES
ADVERSE EFFECTS:
if used with Furosemide
A
Ototoxic
5
Q
AMINOGLYCOSIDES
ADVERSE EFFECTS:
synergistic with ____
A
b-lactams
6
Q
AMINOGLYCOSIDES
ADVERSE EFFECTS:
antagonistic with ____
A
chloramphenicol
7
Q
AMINOGLYCOSIDES
they are water____
A
soluble
can be oral / parenteral
8
Q
AMINOGLYCOSIDES
they can be oral / parenteral, but they are unstable in ____
A
suspension
9
Q
AMINOGLYCOSIDES
____ absorbed when taken orally
A
poorly absorbed
<1%
10
Q
AMINOGLYCOSIDES
- prescribed for mommies that has infection sa fukelya
- for normal deliveries only
A
GENTAMICIN
11
Q
AMINOGLYCOSIDES
SOURCES:
mi
A
micromonospora
12
Q
AMINOGLYCOSIDES
SOURCES:
my
A
streptomycin
13
Q
AMINOGLYCOSIDES
BACTERIOSTATIC
A
binds IRREVERSIBLY to 30s
prevents formation of initiation complexes
14
Q
AMINOGLYCOSIDES
BACTERICIDAL
A
cause MISREADING of the genetic code of mRNA
15
Q
AMINOGLYCOSIDES
MODE OF RESISTANCE
A
plasmidic
16
Q
AMINOGLYCOSIDES
MAIN ADVERSE EFFECTS
A
Nephrotoxicity
Neuromuscular blockade
Ototoxicity
17
Q
AMINOGLYCOSIDES | MOA
entry site for aminoacyl-tRNA
A
A (Aminoacyl) site
18
Q
AMINOGLYCOSIDES | MOA
holds the growing polypeptide chain
A
P (Peptidyl site)
19
Q
AMINOGLYCOSIDES | MOA
where empty tRNAs EXIT the ribosome
A
E (Exit) site
20
Q
AMINOGLYCOSIDES | SAR
a ____ can replace the amine which may remove the activity
A
hydroxyl group
21
Q
AMINOGLYCOSIDES | SAR
LACKS the ____ and ____ groups compared to kanamycin
A
3’ amino & 4’ hydroxyl
22
Q
AMINOGLYCOSIDES | SAR
the ____ usually inactivate the antibiotic
A
axial hydroxial group
23
Q
AMINOGLYCOSIDES | SAR
____ make it resistant to certain bacteria
A
hydroxylation
24
Q
AMINOGLYCOSIDES | SAR
____ will exhibit good activity against certain bacteria
A
deamination
25
# **AMINOGLYCOSIDES**
FIRST **anti-TB** and from ***Strep. griseus***
STREPTOMYCIN
26
# **AMINOGLYCOSIDES**
STREPTOMYCIN is from
Strep. griseus
27
# **AMINOGLYCOSIDES**
* **orally active** (the ONLY orally available)
* from ***Strep. fradiae***
NEOMYCIN
28
# **AMINOGLYCOSIDES**
NEOMYCIN is from
Strep. fradiae
29
# **AMINOGLYCOSIDES**
* anti-**amebic**
* from ***Strep. rimosus***
PAROMOMYCIN
30
# **AMINOGLYCOSIDES**
PAROMOMYCIN is from
Strep. rimosus
31
# **AMINOGLYCOSIDES**
* for **bacillary dysentery**
* from ***Strep. kanamyceticus***
KANAMYCIN
32
# **AMINOGLYCOSIDES**
KANAMYCIN is from
Strep. kanamyceticus
33
# **AMINOGLYCOSIDES**
semi-synthetic
AMIKACIN
34
# **AMINOGLYCOSIDES**
from ***Micromonospora purpurea*** (5mg/kg)
GENTAMICIN
35
# **AMINOGLYCOSIDES**
* **most active** nebramycin
* for **conjunctivitis**
* from ***Strep. tenebrarius***
TOBRAMYCIN
36
# **AMINOGLYCOSIDES**
TOBRAMYCIN is from
Strep. tenebrarius
37
# **AMINOGLYCOSIDES**
WHEN TO GIVE:
for **serious nosocomial infections**
extended interval or once daily dosing
38
# **AMINOGLYCOSIDES**
WHEN TO GIVE:
**gentamicin**
5-7mg/kg
39
# **AMINOGLYCOSIDES**
WHEN TO GIVE:
in **infective endocarditis** use ____ to give **synergy** with **penicillin**
lower doses
40
* **broad** spectrum
* **-static**
* binds to **30s**
* isolated from ***Streptomyces***
* derivatoves of **octahydronaphthacene**
* **amphoteric**, **zwitterions**
* can **chelate metals** (except ***doxycycline***)
* effective for **Rocky mountain spotted fever**, **Lyme's disease**
TETRACYCLINES
41
# **TETRACYCLINES**
binds to ____
30s
42
# **TETRACYCLINES**
derivatives of ____
octahydronaphthacene
43
# **TETRACYCLINES**
isolated from
streptomyces
44
# **TETRACYCLINES**
can ____ metals
chelate
45
# **TETRACYCLINES**
CANNOT chelate metals
doxycycline
46
# **TETRACYCLINES**
ADVERSE EFFECTS
teeth discoloration
hypoplasia
phototoxic
hepatotoxic
47
# **TETRACYCLINES | SAR**
(4)
presence of ____ **enhances** its activity
amino group
48
# **TETRACYCLINES | SAR**
any substitution in these areas are **allowed** amd will **not** affect the activity
R1 R2 R3 R4
49
# **TETRACYCLINES | SAR**
(5 R4)
can be ____, ____, ____
- will **enhance its activity**
ketone
hydroxy
hydrogen
50
# **TETRACYCLINES | SAR**
presence of **halogen** (F, Br), **nitro group**, and **tertiary amine** -- all are ACTIVE
R1
51
# **TETRACYCLINES | SAR**
disadvantage of halogen
phototoxicity
52
# **TETRACYCLINES | SAR**
enhancement in this area will **overcome** resistance
D9
53
# **TETRACYCLINES | SAR**
presence of **electron withdrawing** and **donating** groups **enhances** activity
D8
54
# **TETRACYCLINES | SAR**
**drug interactions** and **chelation**
10 11 12
55
# **TETRACYCLINES | SAR**
any modification will **LOSE** activity
should be **UNCHANGED**
amide
2
56
# **TETRACYCLINES | CLASSIFICATION**
SHORT-acting
Tetracycline
Oxytetracycline
57
# **TETRACYCLINES | CLASSIFICATION**
INTERMEDIATE-acting
Demeclocycline
Lymnecycline
58
# **TETRACYCLINES | CLASSIFICATION**
has **anti-ADH** effect
DEMECLOCYCLINE
59
# **TETRACYCLINES | CLASSIFICATION**
LONG-acting
Doxycycline
Minocycline
60
# **TETRACYCLINES | CLASSIFICATION**
MINOCYCLINE can cause ____
vestibular ototoxicity
61
# **TETRACYCLINES | MOA**
**prevents** the binding of**aa-tRNA** to the ____ on the ____ subunit
A site on the 30s subunit
62
# **TETRACYCLINES | MOA**
this is where the **incoming** aa-tRNA binds to the ribosome
A site
63
# **TETRACYCLINES | MOA**
**carries** specific amino acids to the ribosome to be **added** to the **growing** protein chain
aminoacyl-tRNA
64
# **TETRACYCLINES | MOA**
this is the **chain** of **amino acids** that is being synthesized
NASCENT POLYPEPTIDE CHAIN
65
# **TETRACYCLINES | USES**
DOC for ____
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Chlamydia
Rickettsial
66
# **TETRACYCLINES | USES**
**prophylaxis** in
acne
67
# **TETRACYCLINES | USES**
ERADICATION of asymptomatic **nasopharyngeal meningococcal** carrier state
MINOCYCLINE
68
# **TETRACYCLINES | USES**
**gonococcal**
DOXYCYCLINE
69
# **TETRACYCLINES | USES**
treat **chronic hyponatremia** in SIADH
DEMECLOCYCLINE
70
# **TETRACYCLINES | SIDE EFFECTS**
**yellowing of teeth** for ____
children under 7
71
# **TETRACYCLINES | SIDE EFFECTS**
soft newborn skull that did **NOT** fuse
bulging fontanel
72
# **TETRACYCLINES | SIDE EFFECTS**
if taken during **pregnancy**, baby will suffer ____
brittle bones / bone loss
73
class of antibiotics which has **LARGE LACTONE RING**, has a **ketone group**, and has **glycosidically linked amino sugar**
MACROLIDESQ
74
class of antibiotics that has **NO ketone** group
AMINOGLYCOSIDES
75
* isolated from ***Actinomyces***
* binds to **50s**
* **-cidal** at HIGH dose
MACROLIDES
76
# **MACROLIDES**
ADVERSE EFFECTS
GIT disturbances
Jaundice / cholestatic hepatitis
inhibit CYP450
77
# **MACROLIDES**
drug interaction with ____ and ____
Terfenadine
Astemizole
| causes **arrythmia**
78
79
# **MACROLIDES**
the FIRST macrolide to be synthesized
ILOTYCIN
80
# **MACROLIDES**
who discovered **Ilotycin**
Abelardo Aguilar
81
# **MACROLIDES**
spectrum of activity
Gram +
82
useful against **Diphtheria**, **Syphilis**, **Mycoplasma**, **Pneumonia**, **Chlamydia**, **H. influenzae**
MACROLIDES
83
# **MACROLIDES**
* INACTIVATED by **gastric acid**
Erythromycin
84
**enteric coated tabs** should NOT be taken with
MILK / ANTACIDS
| to prevent premature release
85
# **MACROLIDES**
**MAC** and **H. pylori**
Clarithromycin
86
# **MACROLIDES**
co-DOC for **chlamydia**
Azithromycin
87
# **MACROLIDES**
contains **SULFUR** and obtained from ***Strep. lincolnensis***
LINCOMYCIN
88
* also known as **cyclic peptides**
* MOST **POWERFUL** bactericidal antibiotics
* presence of several **-CONH linkages**
POLYPEPTIDES
89
# **POLYPEPTIDES**
are also known as
cyclic peptides
90
# **POLYPEPTIDES**
SIDE EFFECTS
Neurotoxicity
Nephrotoxicity
91
# **POLYPEPTIDES**
* from ***Strep. orientalis***
* DOC for **pseudomembranous colitis**
* inhibits **cell wall synthesis** by **binding** to **D-ala-D-ala terminus**
* RESISTANCE: **D-ala replacement** with ***D-lactate***
* ADR: **Red man syndrome**
VANCOMYCIN
92
# **POLYPEPTIDES**
VANCOMYCINl:
is from
Strep. orientalis
93
# **POLYPEPTIDES**
VANCOMYCIN:
DOC for
pseudomembranous colitis
94
# **POLYPEPTIDES**
VANCOMYCIN:
RESISTANCE: **D-ala replacement** with ____
D-lactate
95
# **POLYPEPTIDES**
VANCOMYCIN:
ADR
Red man syndrome
96
# **POLYPEPTIDES**
* from ***Actinoplanes teichomyceticus***
* inhibitor of **cell wall synthesis** affecting the **peptidoglycan layer**
TEICOPLANIN
97
# **POLYPEPTIDES**
TEICOPLANIN:
source
Actinoplanes teichomyceticus
98
# **POLYPEPTIDES**
* from ***Bacillus subtilis***
* nhance activity with **ZINC**
* **topical** use ONLY
* **nephrotoxic** (if taken orally)
BACITRACIN
99
# **POLYPEPTIDES**
BACTRACIN:
source
Bacillus subtilis
100
# **POLYPEPTIDES**
POLYMYXIN B:
source
Bacillus polymyxa
101
# **POLYPEPTIDES**
* can cause **nephrotoxicity**, **nuerotoxicity**
* **opthalmic preparation**
POLYMYXIN B
102
# **POLYPEPTIDES**
* **veterinary drug**
* from ***Aerobacillus colistinus***
COLISTIN
103
# **POLYPEPTIDES**
COLISTIN:
source
Aerobacillus colistinus
104
# **POLYPEPTIDES**
* active: **Thyrocidin**
* from ***Bacillus brevis***
Gramicidin
105
# **POLYPEPTIDES**
GRAMICIDIN:
source
Bacillus brevis
106
# **UNCLASSIFIED ANTIBIOTICS**
* with **NITRO group**
* for **life threatening** infections
* inhibitor of **50s**
* DOC for **typhoid fever**
* inhibits **CYP450**
* rarely used nowadays
CHLORAMPHENICOL
107
# **UNCLASSIFIED ANTIBIOTICS**
CHLORAMPHENICOL:
DOC for ____
typhoid fever
108
# **UNCLASSIFIED ANTIBIOTICS**
CHLORAMPHENICOL:
inhibitor of ____
| (2)
50s, CYP450
109
# **UNCLASSIFIED ANTIBIOTICS**
CHLORAMPHENICOL:
**adverse effects**
* Hemolytic anemia in px with G6PD deficiency
* Gray-baby syndrome
110
# **UNCLASSIFIED ANTIBIOTICS**
* for **topical** use
* MOA: interference with **RNA** and **protein synthesis**
MUPIROCIN
111
# **UNCLASSIFIED ANTIBIOTICS**
* an **oxazolidinedione**
* inhibits **30s** and **70s**
LINEZOLID
112
# **UNCLASSIFIED ANTIBIOTICS**
* analog of **PEP**
* inhibits the synthesis of **NAM**
* tx of **uncomplicated UTI** for **FEMALY only**
FOSFOMYCIN TROMETHAMINE
113
# **UNCLASSIFIED ANTIBIOTICS**
* MOA: binds to **50s**
QUINUPRISTIN / DALFOPRISTIN
114
ANTIBIOTICS FOR **PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE**
Amoxicillin
Clarithromycin
Metronidazole
Tetracycline
115
# **DRUG OF CHOICE**
* *Listeria monocytogenes*
* *Salmonella*
* *Shigela spp*
* *Meningitis*
| all are gram **positive**
AMPICILLIN
116
# **DRUG OF CHOICE**
* *Clostridium perfringens* (gas gangrene)
* *Treponema pallidum* (syphillis)
PEN G
| aka BENZYLPENICILLIN
117
# **DRUG OF CHOICE**
Methicillin-Resistant Staph. Aureus
VANCOMYCIN
118
# **DRUG OF CHOICE**
* **surgical prophylaxis**
CEFAZOLIN (injection)
119
# **DRUG OF CHOICE**
*Enterococcus*
GENTAMICIN
120
# **DRUG OF CHOICE**
*Chlamydia trachomatis*
AZITHROMYCIN
121
# **DRUG OF CHOICE**
* *Nocardia*
* *Pneumocystis pneumonia*
CO-TRIMOXAZOLE
122
# **DRUG OF CHOICE**
*Clostridium tetani*
Vancomycin
123
# **DRUG OF CHOICE**
*Neisseria gonorrhea*
Ceftriaxone
Cefixime
124
# **DRUG OF CHOICE**
**typhoid** due to *Salmonella*
Ceftriaxone
125
# **FIRST LINE AGENTS**
for treating **penicillin resistant pneumonococci**
Ceftriaxone
Cefotaxime
Vancomycin
126
# **FIRST LINE AGENTS**
for **systemic *Pseudomonas aeruginosa***
Ticarcillin
Piperacillin
Ceftazidime
Cefepime
Tobramycine
127
# **FIRST LINE AGENTS**
for *Nocardia*
MINOCYCLINE
128
# **FIRST LINE AGENTS**
for *Helicobacter pylori*
Tetracycline
129
# **FIRST LINE AGENTS**
for *Vibrio spp.*
Doxycycline
130
# **FIRST LINE AGENTS**
for *Brucella*
Doxycycline + Gentamicin
131
# **FIRST LINE AGENTS**
for *Helicobacter pylori, Viridans streptococci, Strep. agalactiae, Listeria meningitis, Campylobacter*
GENTAMICIN
