Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Immunostains > Antibodies > Flashcards

Antibodies Flashcards

(167 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

AAT-1

A

Cytoplasmic
Hepatocytes and histiocytes
Globules of AAT, HCC, histiocytic lesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

alpha-Actin

SMA

A

Cytoplasmic

smooth mm, myoeps, myofibroblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Muscle specific actin

MSA, Actin, HHF-35

A

Cytoplasmic

Smooth/skeletal/cardiac mm, myoeps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

AFP

A

Cytoplasmic
Fetal liver
Yolk sac tumor, some embryonal CA, HCC, hepatoblastoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ALK

anaplastic lymphoma kinase, p80

A

Nuclear, cytoplasmic, membranous (location depends on type of translocation)
Few neuronal cells
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, ALCL, lung adenoCA with EML4-ALK rearrangement, rare DLBCL
t(2;5)/NMP-ALK rearrangement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Arginase-1

A

Cytoplasmic
Normal hepatocytes
Marker of hepatocellular differentiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

B72.3

A

Cytoplasmic, membranous
Secretory endometrium
AdenoCA (+) vs mesothelioma (-)
2nd line marker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

beta-catenin

A

Only nuclear staining is significant
Normal: cytoplasm of most cells (binds APC), endothelial cells good + internal control
Colon CA, Pancreatic solid-pseudopapillary, Craniopharyngioma, Pancreatoblastoma, Hepatoblastoma, FAP-assoc tumors, Tubular adenoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Bcl-2

b cell lymphoma 2

A 
Membranous and cytoplasmic
Inhibits apoptosis (normally OFF in GC)
Follicular lymphoma (t(14;18) retains bcl2 expression), CLL/SLL, MCL, MZL, synovial sarcoma, some CD34+ tumors (SFT, GIST)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Bcl-6

b cell lymphoma 6

A

Nuclear
Normal: GC cells
Lymphomas of follicular origin (FL, Burkitt, DLBCL, LP-HL), neoplastic T-lymphocytes in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Ber-EP4

A

Membranous
Epithelial cells
AdenoCA in general; lung adeno (+) vs mesothelioma (-)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

BG8

A

Cytoplasmic
RBC
AdenoCA (+) vs mesothelioma (-), 2nd line marker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Brachyury

A

Nuclear
TF –> notochord dev’t; spermatogonia
Chordoma, hemangioblastoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

CAIX

carbonic anhydrase IX

A

Membranous
Ischemic tissues (expression related to HIF)
Clear cell RCC (sensitive and specific)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

CA-125

A

Luminal
Many cell types
Serum marker for ovarian, not specific by IHC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

CA 19-9

carbohydrate antigen 19-9

A

Cytoplasmic
Many cell types
Serum marker for pancreatic/GI cancers, not specific by IHC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Calcitonin

A

Cytoplasmic and extracellular
C cells of thyroid
Medullary carcinoma (can be positive in other NE tumors)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Caldesmon

h-Caldesmon

A

Cytoplasmic
Smooth mm, myoep cells (neg in myofibroblasts)
Leiomyosarcoma (+) vs myofibroblastic lesions such as fibromatosis (-)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Calponin

A

Cytoplasmic

Smooth mm, myoep cells, (variable in myofibroblasts)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Calretinin

A

Cytoplasmic and nuclear
Mesothelium, sex-cord stromal cells, some neural and epithelial cells
Adenomatoid tumor, sex-cord stromal tumors, adrenocortical tumors, cardiac myxoma
Epithelial mesothelioma (+) vs adenoCA (-)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cathepsin-K

A

Cytoplasmic
Osteoclasts
Xp11 translocation RCC, PEComas, chordoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

CD1a

A

Membranous
Thymocytes (immature T cells), Langerhan’s cells
LCH, some T cell ALL, thymoma with admixed thymocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

CD2

A

Membranous
pan-T cell marker, NK cells
T- and NK-cell lymphomas and leukemias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

cCD3

flow cytometry only

A

Cytoplasmic
pan-T cell marker
most lineage-specific marker for T-cell differentiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
CD3
Membranous, cytoplasmic pan-T cell marker T-cell lymphomas and leukemias (best pan-T cell IHC); often lost in ALCL
26
CD4 and CD8
Membranous CD4 - helper T cells CD8 - cytotoxic and suppressor T cells, NK-like T cells CD4/CD8 - thymus T-cell L and L, CD4 is also + in monocytic/histiocytic lesions Large number double (-) or double (+) usually indicates neoplasm
27
CD5
Membranous T cells and subset of B cells CD5+ low grade: CLL/SLL and MCL CD5+ high grade: blastoid MCL, occasional DLBCL T-cell L/L: aberrant loss of pan-T antigens, especially CD5 and CD7 common signature in peripheral T cell lymphomas (MF) Thymic carcinoma (+ in epithelial cells) vs thymoma (-)
28
CD7
Membranous T cells, NK cells T-ALL (near 100%) MF and other mature T-cell lymphomas (CD7-) vs reactive T-cell proliferation (+) Aberrant expression in AML (CD7 on myeloid blasts can be seen in recovering marrow)
29
CD10 | CALLA - Common acute leukemia antigen
Membranous Precursor B & T cells, GC B cells, granulocytes, liver canaliculi, myoep cells, endometrial stroma CD10(+) lymphomas: B-ALL, T-ALL, FL, Burkitt, some DLBCL, neoplastic cells in angioimmunoblastic T cell HCC (+ canalicular) vs cholangiocarcinoma (-) RCC Pancreatic solid-pseudopapillary neoplasm Sex cord-stromal tumors Endometrial stromal sarcoma Atypical fibroxanthoma (+) vs sarcoma, sarcomatoid carcinoma, and melanoma of the skin (-)
30
CD11b | a flow marker
Membranous Monocytes, granulocytes, NK cells Myeloid leukemias with differentiation and NK cell tumors
31
CD11c | a flow marker
Membranous Myeloid and lymphoid cells Hairy cell leukemia
32
CD13, CD14, CD33 | flow markers
Membranous Myeloid cells (CD13, CD33) and monocytes (CD14, CD33) Myeloid leukemias
33
CD15
Membranous and Golgi (paranuclear dot-like) Monocytes, myelocytes, granulocytes, endothelial cells, some carcinomas RS in cHL, AML with differentiation (especially granulocytic), AdenoCA (+) vs mesothelioma (-)
34
CD19, CD20, CD22
Cytoplasmic and membranous pan-B cell markers B-cell lymphomas (plasmacytoma are negative), B-ALL (CD19+, CD20/22 variable), CD20 reactivity is lost in DLBCL after Rx with Rituximab
35
CD21, CD35
Membranous B cells, follicular dendritic cells, other Follicular DC network in lymphomas Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (very rare)
36
CD23
Membranous B cells, follicualr DCs, monocytes SLL/CLL, follicular DC network in lymphomas
37
CD25 | IL2 receptor
Membranous and cytoplasmic Activated T and B cells Hairy cell leukamia, adult T cell L/L, most ALCLs, neoplastic mast cells
38
CD30 | Ki-1
Membranous and Golgi (paranuclear dot like) Activated B and T cells, PCs, some non-heme cells RS in cHL, ALCL ("target-like" membrane and Golgi pattern), MF (suggests transformation), embryonal carcinoma
39
CD31
``` Cytoplasmic and membranous Endothelial cells, megakaryocytes, macrophages Endothelial differentiation (e.g. angiosarcoma, Kaposi), more sensitive and specific than CD34 ```
40
CD34
Cytoplasmic and membranous Endothelial cells, fibroblasts, hematopoietic blasts Many soft tissue tumors: vascular tumors, DFSP (+) vs DF (-), GIST (+) vs fibromatosis and leiomyosarcoma (-), SFT (+) vs synovial sarcoma (always -), nerve sheath tumors, epithelioid sarcoma, adipocytic tumors Other: primitive leukemias, HCC CD34(-) tumors: carcinoma (except NUT midline tumor), melanoma, lymphoma (except ALL)
41
CD38
Membranous Immature lymphocytes, plasma cells Plasma cell diff, poor prognosis in CLL/SLL
42
CD41, CD42b, CD61 | flow markers
Membranous Megakaryocytes, platelets AML with megakaryocyte differentiation
43
CD43
Membranous T cells, myelocytes Low grade B cell: aberrant expression in CLL/SLL, MCL, MZL, but not FL Normal and malignant T cells, myeloid sarcoma (chloroma) - more sensitive than CD45
44
CD44
``` Membranous Normal urothelium (basal layer), also considered a cancer stem cell marker Reactive urothelium (+ in basal layer) vs CIS (- or reduced), small cell carcinoma of the prostate ```
45
CD45 | leukocyte common antigen
Cytoplasmic, membranous Pan-leukocyte marker (absent on PCs and nucleated RBCs) Most heme malignancies (not RS cells, lymphoblastic lymphomas, ALCL, myeloid sarcomas, follicular DC sarcoma)
46
CD56 | NCAM - neural cell adhesion molecule
Membranous NE cells, schwann cells, NK cells NE neoplasms, nasal-type NK/T cell lymphoma, other T-cell lymphomas, Neoplastic plasma cells, aberrant expression in AML
47
CD57
Membranous NE cells, schwann cells, NK-like T calls NLPHL (CD57+ T cells forming rosettes) vs T-cell rich DLBCL or cHL (no rosette), T-cell large granular cell leukemia, NE neoplasms, some nerve sheath tumors, metanephric adenoma of kidney
48
CD68
Cytoplasmic, membranous Lysosomal marked in histiocytes/macs/monos, granulocytes Histiocytic differentiation, myeloid sarcoma
49
CD71 | transferrin receptor, flow marker
Membranous Erythroid cells (not specific) AML with erythroid or megakaryocytic diff Aggressive (+) vs indolent (-) CD10+ B-cell lymphomas (flow)
50
CD79a
Membranous B-cells and plasma cells (broader than CD20) B-cell neoplasms (B-all and myelomas), some cases of T-ALL
51
CD99 | MIC2, O13
Membranous and cytoplasmic Immature T cells, various epithelial cells, endothelial cells PNET/Ewing sarcoma (not specific), other small round cell tumor of childhood (except neuroblastoma, always negative) B- and T-ALL Thymoma (CD99+, TdT+ immature T cells) Sex cord-stromal cells
52
CD103 | flow marker
Cytoplasmic Intestinal epithelial T lymphocytes Hairy cell leukemia, enteropathy associated T cell lymphoma
53
CD138
Membranous Plasma cells, squamous epithelium Plasma cell diff, many carcinomas
54
CD146 | MelCAM
Membranous Intermediate trophoblast, smooth mm, vascular endothelial cells Mesothelioma (+) vs reactive mesothelial prolif (-) Tumors of implantation site intermediate trophoblast Choricarcinoma Melanoma
55
CD163
Membranous Member of scavenger receptor cysteine-rich superfamily restricted to mac/mono line Histiocytic differentiation
56
CDX2
Nuclear Intestine (duodenum to rectum) Strong/diffuse expression in intestinal carcinomas Variable in gastric and pancreaticobiliary CA, enteric phenotype CA Appendicial carcinoid tumor Yolk sac tumor (40%)
57
CEA
``` Cytoplasmic Fetal tissues and glandular epithelium AdenoCA (mCEA+) vs mesothelioma (mCEA-) HCC (canalicular pCEA) vs cholangioCA and metastatic adenoCA (cytoplasmic pCEA) Adenocarinoma in general Medullary thyroid CA ```
58
Chromogranin | CHR, chromogranin A
Cytoplasmic (granular) Neurosecretory granules in NE tissues and neurons NE diff (pheo, carcinoid, small cell, Merkel cell, panc NE tumor)
59
c-kit | CD117, stem cell factor receptor
Cytoplasmic and membranous Interstitial cells of Cajal (origin of GIST), germ cells, HPCs, mast cells GIST, seminoma, mast cell lesions, melanoma (30-40%), sclerosing mesenterisits, luminal epithelium in salivary gland tumors, PEComas, thymic carcinoma (not thymoma), renal oncocytoma, blasts in AML
60
Clusterin
Cytoplasmic Follicular dendritic cells Follicular DC tumors, tenosynovial giant cell tumors, pancreatic NE cell tumors, many others
61
CyclinD1 | Bcl-1
Nuclear Dividing cells, endothelial cells (internal control) MCL and blastoid MCL (t(11;14)/CCND1-IgH)
62
AE1/AE3 | pan-cytokeratin cocktail
Cytoplasmic Most epithelial cells Used with Cam5.2 to screen for CA ID's all CA except: HCC, RCC, adrenocortical CA, and some high grade NE CA
63
Cam5.2
Cytoplasmic LMW keratins (8, 18) in simple (non-squamous) epithelium Used with AE1/AE3 to screen for CA (negative in SqCC) ID's: HCC and some undiff CA Paget's disease (+) vs Bowen's disease/SqCC in situ (-)
64
CK7 and CK20
Cytoplasmic Specific LMW cytokeratin markers CK7: Barrett's mucosa (+) vs intestinal metaplasia in gastric cardia (-) CK20: urothelial CIS (+ in all layers) vs reactive uro (+ in umbrella cells only) CK7/CK20 used in combo to narrow differential -CK7: above diaphragm, gyn -CK20: below diaphragm, Merkel cell -CK7/CK20: peridiaphragmatic organs, bladder -both neg: simple visceral organs (liver, kidney, pancreas)
65
CK903 | 34betaE12, K903
Cytoplasmic HMW keratin present in stratified epithelia (squam, resp, uro) plus myoep and basal cells Urothelial (+) vs prostate (-) carcinoma Prostatic basal cells (loss of staining --> CA) UDH (+) vs DCIS (-) Metaplastic breast cancer (+)
66
CK5/6
Cytoplasmic Two specific HMW keratins SqCC and mesothelioma (+) vs adenoCA (-) Prostatic basal cells and metaplastic CA (similar to CK903)
67
Desmin | DEX
Cytoplasmic Intermediate filament in mm Smooth and skeletal mm diff in tumors Reactive meso (+) vs mesothelioma (-), low specificity
68
D2-40 | Poloplanin
Membranous Mesothelial cells, germ cells, lymphatic endothelial cells, FDCs Mesothelioma (+) vs adenoCA (-) DF (+) vs DFSP (-) Hemangioblastoma (+) vs metastatic RCC (-) Primary skin adnexal tumors (+) vs metastatic adenoCA (-) Adrenocortical neoplasms (+) vs RCC (-) Lymphatic channels Seminoma (100%) and embryonal carcinoma (30%) Nerve sheath tumors Follicular DC tumors
69
DPC-4, clone B8 | Deleted in Pancreatic Carcinoma, SMAD4
Nuclear and cytoplasmic Most normal tissues Pancreatic CA: 55% invasive CA exhibit loss of expression (both nuclear and cytoplasmic staining must be negative), fairly specific to pancreas but also seen in subset colon CA
70
DOG1
Membranous and cytoplasmic Interstitial cells of Cajal GIST, stains 1/3 of c-kit negative GISTs
71
EBV stains
EBER (EBV encoded early RNA) - nuclear, most sensitive, all EBV related tumors, ISH LMP-1 (late membrane protein) - membranous, less sensitive, ID's PTLD and AIDS-related lymphomas, variable in NPC, BL, cHL EBNA (ENV nuclear antigen) - nuclear, least sensitive, ID's PTLD and AIDS related lymphomas only
72
E-cadherin | CAD-E
Membranous Breast - normal ductal and lobular cells (adhesion molecule) Ductal (+) vs lobular (-) lesions Loss of expression also seen in gastric signet-ring CA and undifferentiated pancreas carcinoma
73
EGFR | epidermal growth factor receptor
Membranous and cytoplasmic Many cell types Membranous staining predicts response to Erbitux in advanced colon cancer
74
EMA | epithelial membrane antigen, MUC1
Cytoplasmic or membranous Epithelial, perineurial, meningothelial cells Carcinomas, synovial sarcoma, epithelioid sarcoma, chordoma EMA(+) CK(-): meningioma, perineurioma, plasma cell neoplasms, ALCL, RS cells in NLPHL Mesothelioma (membranous) vs adenoCA (cytoplasmic )
75
ER and PR
Nuclear Breast, ovary, endometrium ER/PR+ breast CA: favorable px, responsive to tamoxifen Metastatic breast cancer, tumors of uterus and ovary (cervix is negative) Non-mammary/gyn tumors: lung adenoCA, skin adnexal tumors, cystic neoplasms with ovarian-type stroma, meningioma (PR+), pancreatic SPP (PR+), pancreatic NE (PR+)
76
Factor VIII
``` Cytoplasmic Endothelial cells, megakaryocytes, platelets Endothelial diff (specific but not sensitive), AML with megakaryocytic diff ```
77
Factor XIIIa
Cytoplasmic Histiocytes, fibrohistiocytic cells, other DF (+) vs DFSP (-) Histiocytic differentiation Sinonasal glomangiopericytoma (often with peculiar nuclear localization)
78
Fascin
Cytoplasmic Many cell types RS in cHL, follicular DC tumors
79
Fli-1 | Friend leukemia integration 1
Nuclear Endothelial cells, many other cell types Endothelial diff, Ewing/PNET, not specific
80
FMC-7 | flow marker
Cytoplasmic B cells CD5+ lymphomas: MCL(+) vs CLL/SLL (-) Expression opposite of CD23
81
Gastrin
Cytoplasmic G cells G cell hyperplasia (autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis), Gastric antrum (+) vs antralized body (-)
82
GCDFP | Gross cystic disease fluid protein-15, BRST2
Cytoplasmic Apocrine cells of breast and sweat glands Metastatic breast cancer (~50%, notoriously focal, stains lobular best) Other tumors with apocrine diff: tumors of salivary glands and skin adnexae
83
GFAP | glial fibrillary astrocytic protein
Cytoplasmic Glial, myoep, schwann cells Gliomas (astrocytoma, ependymoma; oligo may be focal), myoepithelioma, some schwannomas
84
GLUT1 | glucose transporter 1
Membranous RBCs and many tissues Mesothelioma (+) vs reactive mesothelium (-) Thymic CA (+) vs thymoma (-) Juvenile hemangioma (+) vs other benign vascular lesions (-)
85
Glycophorin | CD235a, flow marker
?
86
Gypican-3 | GPC3
Cytoplasmic, membranous, canalicular Embryonic liver, placenta (syncytiotrophoblasts) HCC, hepatoblastoma, yolk sac tumor, choriocarcinoma, placental site trophoblastic tumor HCC (+) vs benign hepatic nodules (-)
87
Granzyme B, Perform, TIA-1 (T-cell intracellular antigen)
Cytoplasmic Cytotoxic proteins in CD8 T cells and NK cells T- and NK-cell lymphomas
88
HBME-1
Cytoplasmic and membranous Epithelial and mesothelial cells Mesothelioma (+) vs adenoCA Thyroid CA (+/-) vs benign follicular lesions (-/+)
89
Hemoglobin A (HbA)
Cytoplasmic RBCs and precursors Erythrocytic diff
90
HepPar-1 | Hepatocyte paraffin 1, OCH1E5
Granular cytoplasmic Mitochondria in normal hepatocytes, small intestinal epithelium Hepatocellular diff: HCC (90%), hepatoblastoma, carcinomas with hepatoid phenotype (ovary, testis, stomach)
91
HER2 | Her2Neu
Membranous and cytoplasmic GF receptor which is only weakly expressed in normal epithelial cells Breast CA: overexpression = poor px, can be treated with Herceptin (only membranous reactivity counts) Increasing use in stomach and GE junction adenoCA Overexpressed in several non-mammary CA (lung, GYN)
92
``` HLA-DR (MHC class II) ```
Membranous APCs Most myeloid leukemias (+) vs APL (-)
93
HMB45 | human melanoma, black
Cytoplasmic Immature melanocytes (negative in mature melanocytes) Epithelioid (not desmoplastic) melanoma Clear cell sarcoma/melanoma of soft parts, melanotic schwannoma, angiomyolipoma, other PEComas Melanoma (+) vs nevus (-, progressive diminution as cells mature toward base) Metastatic melanoma (+) vs benign nevus inclusion (-) in LN
94
HNF-1beta | hepatocyte nuclear factor
Nuclear Hepatocytes Clear cell carcinoma of gyn tract
95
HSD3B1
Cytoplasmic IT and ST All trophoblastic tumors
96
hCG
Cytoplasmic Syncytiotrophoblasts Choriocarcinoma, syncytiotrophoblastic cells in seminoma, some carcinomas
97
hPL | human placental lactogen
Cytoplasmic Trophoblasts (ST and IT) ST tumors (chorio), IT tumors (placental site tumors), moles
98
IgG4
Cytoplasmic Subset of plasma cells Increased # in spectrum of inflammatory sclerosing diseases (autoimmune pancreatitis, chronic sclerosing sialadenitis, sclerosing mesenteritis)
99
Ig Kappa and Lambda light chains
Surface (B cells), cytoplasmic (plasma cells) Restricted staining --> monoclonal population Double negative --> neoplastic (mediastinal DLBCL)
100
Inhibin | INH
Cytoplasmic Granulosa cells, Sertoli cells, adrenal cortical cells, trophoblasts Adrenocortical neoplasms, sex cord stromal tumors, trophoblastic tumors, hemangioblastoma, granular cell tumor
101
INI1 | hsNF5/BAF47
Nuclear Expressed in normal tissues (product of tumor suppressor gene on 22q11.2) Loss of expression in AT/RT, rhaboid tumor of kidney, epithelioid sarcoma, medullary CA of kidney, epithelioid MPNST (50%), subset of myoepithelial carcinomas of soft tissue
102
Ki67 | MIB-1
``` Nuclear Any proliferating cell To gauge mitotic activity for prognosis Burkitt lymphoma (100% positivity) Cytoplasmic reactivity in hyalinizing trabecular adenoma, sclerosing hemangioma of lung ```
103
Langern
Membranous and cytoplasmic Langerhans cells LCH
104
Lysozyme | muramidase
Cytoplasmic Monocyte/macrophage/histiocyte, salivary gland Histiocytic diff, myeloid sarcomas with monocytic diff
105
Mammaglobin
Cytoplasmic Breast epithelium, sweat glands Tumors with apocrine diff (breast cancer, sweat gland tumors, salivary gland tumors), female genital tract More sensitive but less specific to ID metastatic breast CA
106
MART-1 | melanoma antigen recognized by T cells, N2-7C10 clone
Cytoplasmic Melanocytes Melanoma (mainly epithelioid), more sensitive than HMB45, recognizes same protein as Melan-A ab
107
Mast cell tryptase | MCT
Cytoplasmic | Mast cells
108
Melan-A | A103 clone
Cytoplasmic Melanocytes Epithelioid (not desmoplastic melanoma) and other melanosome containing tumors (clear cell sarcoma/melanoma of soft parts, melanotic schwannoma, angiomyolipoma, PEComa) Steroid cell tumors (adrenocortical, S/L and granulosa cell)
109
Mesothelin
Membranous Mesothelial cells Serous ovarian carcinoma, mesothelioma, pancreatic CA
110
MITF | microphthalmia transcription factor
Nuclear Melanocytes Melanoma and melanocytic tumors, angiomyolipoma Can stain macrophages!
111
MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2 | mutL homolog 1, mutS homolog 2 and 6, postmeiotic segregation increased 2
Nuclear DNA mismatch repair proteins (present in most cells) Mutation and loss of expression --> MSI Lynch syndrome: germline mutations (MSH2, MSH6, PMS2) Sporadic: promoter hypermethylation (MLH1) Tumors with defective MMR/MSI-high have distinctive histology and clinical behavior
112
MOC31
Membranous Most epithelial cells Adenocarcinoma in general Hepatic adenocarcinoma (primary or met) vs HCC
113
MUC2
Cytoplasmic Normal colon and stomach Barrett's mucosa (+) vs intestinal metaplasia of gastric cardia (-) IPMN (+) vs PanIN (-)
114
MUM1 (IRF4) | multiple myeloma 1; interferon regulatory factor 4
Nuclear and cytoplasmic Various hematolymphoid cells (PCs) and melanocytes Plasma cell neoplasms, subtyping DLBCL, epithelioid melanoma
115
Myeloperoxidase
Cytoplasmic Enzyme granules in myeloid cells AML and myeloid sarcoma (chloroma)
116
Myogenin (MGN) and MyoD1
Nuclear TF in regenerating, but not normal, skeletal mm Skeletal mm diff (rhabdomyoma, rhabdomyosarcoma)
117
Napsin A
Cytoplasmic (granular) Pneumocytes and renal tubular cells Lung adenoCA, some RCC (papillary), small % thyroid CA
118
NeuN
Nuclear Neurons Neuronal/ganglion cell tumors
119
Neurofilament | Sm311 = pan-NF, Sm32 = cell body, Sm31 = axons
Cytoplasmic Neurons Neuronal/ganglion cell tumors, neuroblastic tumors, some NE tumors Brain infiltration: SM31 may be used to highlight normal axons to help Id permeation of normal brain parenchyma by a glioma or meningioma
120
Neuron Specific Enolase | NSE
Cytoplasmic Neuroectodermal and NE cells Neural and NE diff but not very specific Sensitive for neuroblastoma
121
NUT | nuclear protein in testis
Nuclear Germ cells in testis and ovary NUT midline CA
122
OCT2/BOB.1
Nuclear TF in B cells RS cells in NLP(+) vs cHL (- or weak) B cell lymphomas
123
OCT4 | OCT3/4
Nuclear not expressed in normal, differentiated cells Seminoma/dysgerminoma, intratubular germ cell neoplasia, embryonal CA
124
p16
Nuclear and cytoplasmic Cell with inactivated pRb Cervix: HSIL (+) vs immature metaplasia (-) Endocervical adenoCA (+) vs endometrial CA (-) Metastatic SqCC of tonsil, cervix, anus (not specific) Only strong, diffuse nuclear and cytoplasmic can be used as surrogate for HPV Serous CA of GYN tract (robustly +) vs endometrioid CA (-)
125
p53
Nuclear TSG, not expressed at high levels in normal cells Overexpression - negative px marker Serous CA gyn (+) vs endometrioid CA (- or focal) Dysplas-assoc lesion or mass (DALM)(+) vs sporadic TA (-) Urothelial flat CIS (+) vs reactive urothelium(-) Fallopian tube intraepithelial CA High grade lymphomas
126
p57
Nuclear Trophoblasts Complete mole (-) vs incomplete mole (+) and hydropic fetus (+). Paternally imprinted and is normally transcribed entirely from a maternal allele (absent in complete mole)
127
p63 | 4A4
Nuclear TSG related to p53, marker of Sq epi, basal and myoep cells Breast myoepithelial cells (endothelium and myofibroblasts are negative) Prostate basal cells
128
p120 | p120 catenin
Membranous and cytoplasmic E-cadherin-binding protein in breast epithelium Lobular CA in cases with equivocal E-cad: ductal CA (membranous p120) vs lobular CA (strong cytoplasmic p120 --> no E-cad results in p120 cytoplasmic pool)
129
Parafibromin
Nuclear Protein product of TSG HRPT2, expressed in normal tissue Loss of expression --> parathyroid CA and parathyroid adenomas of Hyperparathyroidism-Jaw Tumor Syndrome
130
PAX2 | paired box gene 2
Nuclear Renal epithelium and tissue of Mullerian origin (not thyroid) RCC (clear cell and papillary), oncocytoma, nephrogenic adenoma Superior to CD10 and RCC in specificity and sensitivity Minority (30%) Mullerian CA
131
PAX5 | BSAP, B-cell-specific activator protein, paired box gene 5
Nuclear B-cell specific TF (PCs are negative) B-cell diff including lymphoblasts (novel pan B-cell marker) RS in NLPHL (+) vs cHL (weak)
132
PAX8 | paired box gene 8
Nuclear Normal thyroid follicles, renal epithelial cells, tissue of Mullerian origin, lymphocytes Pan-RCC (all types, broader than PAX2), thyroid CA (follicular origin i.e. not medullary), Pan-Mullerian CA, pancreatic NE tumors
133
Placental Alkaline Phosphatase (PLAP)
Cytoplasmic Placenta Germ cell tumors (not spermatocytic seminoma), intratubular germ-cell neoplasia, trophoblastic tumors
134
PNL2
Cytoplasmic Melanocytes Melanocytic lesions (new marker); reacitivity similar to HMB45
135
ProExC
Nuclear Cocktail against topoisomerase II alpha and minichromosome maintenance 2, proteins upregulated in cervical CA New marker that is similar to Ki67 and used together with p16 and/orKi67 or in some combination for differentiating HPV-related lesions from mimickers in the GYN tract
136
Prostein (P501S)
Cytoplasmic (perinuclear dots pattern) Prostatic epithelium Metastatic prostate cancer. Relatively new marker (similar sensitivity as PSA)
137
PSA | Prostate specific antigen
Cytoplasmic Prostatic epithelium but also salivary gland Metastatic prostate cancer (80% sensitivity) PSA reactivity also present in benign and neoplastic salivary gland duct epithelium (PA, mucoEp CA), Periurethral glands of women, anal glands of men, and glandular urothelium (cystitis glandularis, urachal remnans, urothelial adenoCA) PSA more specific but les sesnsitive that PSAP
138
PSAP or PAP | Prostate acid phosphatase
Cytoplasmic Prostatic epithelium Metastatic prostate cancer (+) in carcinoids and some bladder adenocarcinomas. Be careful not to mistake rectal carcinoid for prostate CA!
139
PSMA | Prostate specific membrane antigen
Cytoplasmic, membranous Prostatic epithelium, urothelium Metastatic prostate cancer - in contrast to PSA and PSAP, expression does not decrease with tumor grade
140
Racemase | P504S, AMACAR, alpha-methylacyl-CoA reductase
Cytoplasmic Prostatic CA and PIN (normal prostate is negative) Prostate cancer (+) vs adenosis, other benign mimics (-): - false positive (20%): adenosis, ephrogenic adenoma - false neg: 20% adenoCA, 65% foamy CA, 65% atrophic CA, 75% pseudohyperplastic CA Not specific for prostate; also (+) in other CA such as lung, breast, papillary RCC, clear cell adenoCA of bladder
141
RCC | gp200/RTA
Cytoplasmic Proximal renal tubules RCC (poor sensitivity and specificity) RCC (+) vs oncocytoma (-)
142
SALL4
Nuclear Embryonic stem cells Germ cell tumors (pan-germ cell tumor marker) Some leukemias
143
S100 | Solubility in 100% ammonium sulfate
Nuclear, cytoplasmic Schwann cells/glia: schwannoma, NF, MPNST, granular cell tumor, gliomas Melanocytes: melanoma (including desmoplastic), nevi Soft tissue: clear cell sarcoma/melanoma of soft parts, synovial sarcoma, chordoma, lipomatous tumors Histiocytes: benign histiocytosis, Rosai Dorfman, LCH, Langerhans cell sarcoma, some histiocytic sarcomas, interdigitating cell sarcoma, DCs Myoepithelial cells: myoepithelioma Other: sustentacular cells (pheo/paraganglioma), other mesenchymal cells Negative in CA (except 30% breast CA)
144
SF1 | steroidogenic factor 1
Nuclear Transcription factor Sex cord stromal tumors
145
Smooth muslces myosin heavy chain | SMMHC
Cytoplasmic Myoepithelial cells, blood vessels, myofibroblasts Myoepithelial layer in breast to rule out invasive breast cancer
146
Smoothelin
Cytoplasmic Terminally-diff smooth muscle Bladder muscularis propria (strong) vs muscularis mucosae (negative or weak) in assessing depth of invasion in bladder CA
147
SOX2 | sex determining region of Y chromosome-related high mobility group box2
Nuclear Fetal CNS tissue Embryonal CA, PNET in teratoma
148
SOX9
Nuclear Normal cartilage - acts as master regulator of chondrogenesis Cartilagenous differentiation, but not specific
149
SOX10
Nuclear Melanocytes, Schwann cells, myoepithelial cells Melanoma, clear cell sarcoma, nerve sheath tumors, pheo/paraganglioma (sustentacular cells), carcinoid tumors (about 50%)
150
SOX11
Nuclear CNS (normal staining not well known yet) New marker for mantel cell lymphoma
151
Spectrin
Membranous RBCs and precursors AML with erythroid diff
152
Surfactant protein A | PE10
Membranous, cytoplasmic Pneumocytes Complements TTF-1 in ID of lung carcinoma (but Napsin A is a much more sensitive marker for this role)
153
Synaptophysin | SYN, secretogranin
Cytoplasmic NE cells, neuronal cells, NMJ, Merkel cells NE neoplasms, primitive neuroectodermal tumors (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, PNET/Ewing), neuronal tumors (ganglioglioma) Adrenocortical tumors and pancreatic solid-pseudopapillary tumor
154
Synuclein
Lewy bodies Brain Parkinson's and Lewy body dementia
155
Tau (AT8)
Cytoplasm Brain Neurofibrillary tangles in AD
156
TdT | terminal deoxytransferase
Nuclear Immature B and T lymphocytes Precursor B and T L/L (+) vs lymphoma of mature cells, including Burkitt (-). Myeloid blasts are generally TdT negative but can occasionally be (+) Thymoma (admixed immature T cells are TdT, CD1a, CD99+)
157
TFE3
Nuclear TF, reactivity in normal tissue extremely rare Xp11-translocation RCC, alveolar soft part sarcoma, subset of renal angiomyolipomas
158
TFEB
Nuclear TF, reactivity in normal tissue extremely rare (6;11)-translocation RCC
159
Thyroglobulin | TGB
Cytoplasmic Thyroid follicles CA of thyroid follicular origin (papillary and follicular)
160
Thrombomodulin | CD141
Cytoplasmic and membranous Endothelial (cytoplasmic) and mesothelial (membranous) cells Urothelial CA, mesothelioma (2nd line), some vascular tumors
161
TLE1
Nuclear TF whose gene was discovered to be upregulated in gene expression profiles of synovial sarcoma Synovial sarcoma (can be focal in schwannoma, SFT)
162
TTF-1 | thyroid transcription factor 1
Nuclear TF in lung and thyroid Thyroid CA (follicular, papillary, medullary) Lung adenoCA (80%+) vs extra-pulm adenoCA (-, with the exception of 20% of gyn CA of various types) Poorly diff lung adenoCA (80%+) vs SqCC (-) Lung adenoCA (+) vs mesothelioma (-) Lung carcinoid (50%, usually weak) vs extra-pulm well-diff NE tumors SCC: lung (90%), and extra-pulm (overall 44%: prostate 58%, bladder 34%, cervix 20%) HCC (+) for cytoplasmic TTF-1
163
Trypsin and chymotrypsin
Cytoplasmic Pancreatic acinar cells Pancreatic acinar cell CA (+) vs NE tumor and adenoCA (-)
164
Uroplakin
Cytoplasmic Urothelium Urothelial CA - specific, but not very sensitive
165
Villin
Cytoplasmic ("brush border" pattern) Enterocytes Intestinal diff in CA of unknown primary (any tumor with enteric diff). Similar specificity but lesser sensitivity than CDX2
166
Vimentin
Cytoplasmic Most mesenchymal cells including fibroblasts, endothelium, smooth muscle Sarcoma, lymphoma, and melanoma (+) vs CA and glioma (-) Clear cell RCC (+) vs chromophobe RCC and oncocytoma (-) Bladder muscularis mucosa (+) vs muscular propria (-): used in conjunction with smoothelin, which has the opposite pattern Because of wide reactivity currently used mainly to confirm "immunoviability" of tissue
167
WT1 | Wilms Tumor 1
Nuclear TSG in developing nephrons, nephrogenic rests and adult glomerular podocytes. Also stains normal and neoplastic meothelium. Mesothelioma (+) vs adenoCA (-), Wilms tumor, desmoplastic small round cell tumor, ovarian serous CA (80%)

Immunostains (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions