Antibodies and Immunity

Question 1

Antigen

Answer 1

A foreign substance that can stimulate the production of antibodies

Question 2

Immunogen

Answer 2

A large organic molecule that is a protein or large polysaccharide that can elicit an immune response

Question 3

Immunogenicity

Answer 3

The ability of a substance to provoke an immune response in the body

Question 4

Antigenicity

Answer 4

The ability of an antigen to stimulate an immune response

Question 5

Hapten

Answer 5

A very small molecule that can bind to a larger carrier molecule and behave as an antigen

Question 6

Carrier

Answer 6

A molecule that when coupled to a hapten makes the hapten capable of stimulating an immune response

Question 7

Antigenic determinant

Answer 7

The functional portion of an antigen that combines with an antibody paratope

Question 8

Epitope

Answer 8

A single antigenic determinant

Question 9

Adjuvant

Answer 9

A substance that enhances the effect of an antigen when the substance is given along with the antigen

Question 10

Antibody

Answer 10

Immunoglobulins produced in response to an antigen

Question 11

Immunoglobulin

Answer 11

Protein produced by the immune system; also known as antibodies

Question 12

Paratope

Answer 12

The region on an antibody that binds to the epitope of the antigen

Question 13

Fab fragment

Answer 13

Fragment with the ability to bind to antigens that are made up of one constant and one variable domain

Question 14

Fc fragment

Answer 14

The tail region of antibody that interacts with cell surface receptors and some proteins of the complement system

Question 15

Light chain

Answer 15

One of the two smaller polypeptide subunits that make up an antibody molecule. It combines with a heavy chain to form the antigen-bind site of an immunoglobulin

Question 15

Heavy chain

Answer 15

One of the polypeptide units of an immunoglobulin molecule. Each monomer consists of two heavy chains paired with two light chains

Question 16

Constant region

Answer 16

A portion of an antibody molecule that remains consistent within each Ig class. Determines antibody function

Question 17

Variable region

Answer 17

The part of an antibody molecule that varies between different antibodies. Recognizes and binds to specific antigens

Question 18

J chain

Answer 18

A polypeptide that joins together Ig molecules

Question 19

C-reactive protein

Answer 19

A nonspecific, acute-phase, reactant glycoprotein. High levels indicate inflammation

Question 20

Natural immunity

Answer 20

The body’s inherent ability to resist pathogens and diseases without prior exposure or vaccination

Question 21

Acquired immunity

Answer 21

The adaptive immune response develops after exposure to a specific antigen through infection or vaccination. Involves the production of antibodies and memory cells

Question 22

Active immunity

Answer 22

A type of acquired immunity is when the body’s immune system produces its antibodies in response to exposure to a pathogen or vaccine

Question 23

Passive immunity

Answer 23

A type of acquired immunity where antibodies are transferred from one individual to another

Question 24

Cellular immunity

Answer 24

A type of immune response that involves the direct action of immune cells mediated by T lymphocytes

Question 25

Humoral immunity

Answer 25

A type of immune response that involves the production of antibodies by B lymphocytes

Question 26

What are the five Ig classes?

Answer 26

IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE, IgD

Question 27

80% of the total Ig concentration in normal serum is of?

Answer 27

IgG

Question 28

What are the four subclasses of IgG?

Answer 28

IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4

Question 29

IgA is the predominant antibody in?

Answer 29

Body secretions

Question 29

IgG is the only antibody that can cross the?

Answer 29

Placenta

Question 30

IgA is found as a?

Answer 30

Dimer with a J chain

Question 31

What protects the J chain and IgA from digestion in the lumen?

Answer 31

Secretory component

Question 32

Which is the first Ig to respond during an immune response and is considered the most efficient?

Answer 32

IgM

Question 33

IgM is found as a?

Answer 33

Pentamer with J chain

Question 34

Which Ig is associated with hypersensitivity reactions and parasites?

Answer 34

IgE

Question 35

The primary immune response occurs?

Answer 35

When the body encounters an antigen for the first time

Question 36

True or false? The primary immune response fast to develop

Answer 36

False. The primary immune response is slower to develop

Question 37

Which antibody does the primary immune response mainly produce?

Answer 37

IgM

Question 38

The primary immune response generates what?

Answer 38

Memory cells

Question 39

When does the secondary immune response occur?

Answer 39

When the body encounters an antigen that was previously encountered

Question 40

The secondary immune response is faster to respond. True or false?

Answer 40

True

Question 41

The secondary immune response produces which Ig primarily?

Answer 41

IgG