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Pharmacology > Anticancer > Flashcards

Anticancer Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the classes of chemotherapy drugs?

A 
antimetabolites 
alkylating agents 
plants alkaloids 
antibiotics 
hormones 
immunotherapy 
miscellaneous
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2
Q

Antimetabolites

A

target S phase of the cell cycle by interfering with replication

SE: bone marrow suppression

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3
Q

What are the types of antimetabolites?

A

folate antagonists
pyrimidine analogs
purine analogs

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4
Q

Methotrexate
pemetrexed
pralatrexate

A

inhibit DHF reductase

decrease T, A, G

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5
Q

What are the side effects of antifolate dx?

A

BMS, diarrhea, N+V
pneumonitis , hepatic fibrosis
puritic rash
NSAID, penicillin toxicity

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6
Q

What treats antifolate toxicity?

A

leucovorin

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7
Q

What are the pyramid analogs

A

5 flurouracil
capecitabine
cytarabine
gemcitabine

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8
Q

5 fluoruacil & capecitabine

A

inhibit thymidylate synthase

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9
Q

What are the side effects of 5 fluoruacil & capecitabine

A

BMS, N+V. diarrhea
hand foot syndrome
neurotoxicity

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10
Q

Cytarabine (ARa-C)

A

inhibit DNA polymerase after phosphorylation and incorporation in DNA

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11
Q

What are the side effects of Cytarabine (ARa-C)

A

BMS, N+V, diarrhea
neurotoxicity
heaptotoxicity

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12
Q

Gemcitabine

A

inhibit DNA polymerase

inhibit ribonucleotide reductase

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13
Q

What are the side effects of Gemcitabine

A

BMS , N+V, diarrhea, mucosistis
interstitial pneumonitis
progressive HUS

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14
Q

Pruine analogs

A

mecaptopurine

6- thiofuanine

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15
Q

mecaptopurine

6- thiofuanine

A

activated by HGPRTase to monphosphate

inhibit PRPP amidotransferase

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16
Q

What are the side effects of mecaptopurine

6- thiofuanine

A

BMS, N+V, mucositis , diarrhoea
hyperpigmentation of skin
immunosuppression

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17
Q

Alkylating agents types

A 
non cell cycle specific 
nitrogen mustards
platinum analog
methylhydrazine 
nitrosoureas
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18
Q

What are the nitrogen mustards?

A

cyclophosphamide
ifosfamide
Mechlorethamine

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19
Q

cyclophosphamide

ifosfamide side effects

A

BMS< N+V
hemorrhagic cystitis d/t acrolein

MENSA is protective

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20
Q

Mechlorethamine side effects?

A

severe N+V

BMS

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21
Q

What are the platinum analogs

A

Cisplatin
carboplatin
oxaliplatin

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22
Q

Cisplatin
carboplatin
oxaliplatin side effects

A 
nephrotoxicity - tx amifostine 
severe N+V -tx ondansetron
otoxicity 
peripheral neuropathies 
BMS
hypersensitivity to platinum 
carboplatin less toxic 
oxaliplatin less nephrology/ototoxic
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23
Q

Methylhydrazine

A

procarbazine

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24
Q

procarbazine side effets

A

BMS
disulfram life reaction
metabolite of MAO inhibitor

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25
Nitrosurea
carmustine | lomustine -crosses BBB
26
carmustine | lomustine side effects
BMS, N+V | interstitial nephritis
27
Vunblastine vincristine vinorelbine
vinca alkaloids M phase specific - inhibit microtubules polymerization arrest in metaphase
28
Side effects of Vunblastine vincristine vinorelbine
BMS,peripheral neuropathies | constipation, SIADH
29
Paclitacel docetaxel cabazitaxel
taxanes m phase specific- inhibit microtubule depolymerization arrest in prophase
30
What are the side effects of Paclitacel docetaxel cabazitaxel ?
hypersensitivity BMS , N+V , diarrhea peripheral neuropathies
31
irinotecan | toptecan
camptothecin analogs S phase specific inhibition of topoisomerase I
32
What are the side effects of irinotecan | toptecan ?
BMS, N+V | astenia
33
etoposide | teniposide
s phase specific | inhibition of topoisomerase II
34
What are the side effects of etoposide | teniposide ?
BMS, N+V hypersensitivity hypotension
35
Antinomycin D
antibiotics used in cancer | inhibit RNA polymerase - between G-C base pairs
36
What are the side effect of antinomycin D?
BMS. N+V, diarrhea hyperpigmentaiton hepatotoxic
37
Daunorubicin doxorubicin epirubicin idarubicin
intercalate in DNA free radical formation block topoisomerase II
38
What are the side effects of Daunorubicin doxorubicin epirubicin idarubicin ?
BMS, N+V\red orange urine dose dependent cardio toxicity cardiomyopathy Tx: Dexrazoxane
39
Bleomycin
G2 phase specific antibiotic used in cancer binds to iron , forms free radicals --> strand scission
40
What are the side effects of bleomycin?
pulmonary fibrosis skin reaction hypersensitivity
41
Tamoxifen | toremifene
competitive inhibitor of estradiol binding to ER in breast tissue
42
What are the side effects of Tamoxifen | toremifene
``` hot flashes vaginal mucosal atrophy vaginal bleeding endometrial hyperplasia slow development of osteoporosis lowers total cholesterol , LDL ```
43
fulvestrant
SERDs pure ER antagonist prevent dimerization enhances degradation of receptor
44
What are the side effects of fulvestrant?
nausea, headache | hot flashes
45
Anastrozole letrozole exemestane
aromatase inhibitors bind to heme of CYP19 aromatase competitive & irreversible inhibition
46
What are the side effects of Anastrozole letrozole exemestane ?
hot flashes hypercholesterolemia osteoporosis joint muscle pain
47
Leuprolide goserelin triptorelin
GnRH analogs initial surge in LH, FSH increase testosterone
48
degarelix
GnRH antagonist | no surge in Lh, FSH
49
Flutamide nilutamide bicalutamide enzalutamide
competitive androgen receptor antagonist
50
What are the side effects to anti androgen therapy ?
``` hot flashes decreased libido erectile dysfunction gynecomastia osteoperosis ```
51
Rituximab
MOA: CD20 , sensitizes B cell to chemotherapy used: NHL. CLL , weaner granulomatosis, microscopic polyangitis
52
Alemtuzumab
MOA: CD52, PMNs & lymphocyte SE: meylo /immuno suppression used :CLL
53
Trastuzumab
MOA: Erb2 / Her 2/neu , elf receptor used :metastatic erb2 breast cancer, erb2 gastric or gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma
54
Cetuximab
MOA: erb1/ Her1/neu , elf receptor USED: EGFR metatstatic colorectal cancer
55
Bevacizumab
MOA: VEGF SE: hypertensioin , proteinuria, GI perforation and hemorrhage USED: metastatic colorectal cacer, non small cell lung cancer, erb2 - breast cancer metastatic renal cell carcinoma glioblastoma
56
Imatinib
TKIs target: bar-abl, c-kit, PDGFR used: CML, gastrointestinal stroma tuner, hypereosinophillc syndrome
57
Getinib | Erlotinib
TKIs target: erbB1 used : non small cell lung cancer , pancreatic cancer
58
sorafenib
TKIs target: multiple tyrosine kinases used: RCC, HCC, thyroid cancer
59
Sunitibib
TKIs target: multiple TK receptors used: metastatic RCC, GISTs, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
60
Rapamycin
mTOR inhibitor decreases cell growth, proliferation and motility used in transplant rejection
61
L-Asparaginase
hydrolysis to aspartate and ammonia decrease asparagine for tumor survival
62
What is the side effect of L-asparginase
decreased protein synthesis , hyperglycaemia, pancreatitis , hemorrhagic events
63
ATRA
all trans retinoid acid | cause differentiation of promyelocytes
64
Retinoid acid syndrome
fever, dyspnea, weight gain pulmonary , pleural, pericarditis mental confusion , death
65
Inflicimab
inhibit tumor necrosis factor-alpha
66
Rituximab
inhibit CD20 - b cell lymphomas
67
Cyclosporine
decrease T lymphocytes SE: nephrotoxicity neuropathy gingival hyperplasia

Pharmacology (15 decks)

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