Anticoagulant

Question 1

What are the main categories of antithrombotic agents?

Answer 1

Antiplatelets, Anticoagulants, Thrombolytics

Antithrombotic agents are used to prevent or treat thromboembolic disorders.

Question 2

Name an example of a thromboxane synthesis inhibitor.

Answer 2

Acetylsalicylic acid

Acetylsalicylic acid is commonly known as aspirin.

Question 3

What type of receptor do GPIIb/IIIa receptor antagonists target?

Answer 3

GPIIb/IIIa receptors

These receptors are involved in platelet aggregation.

Question 4

Which drug is an example of a GPIIb/IIIa receptor antagonist?

Answer 4

Tirofiban

Tirofiban is used to prevent platelet aggregation.

Question 5

What are ADP receptor antagonists used for?

Answer 5

To prevent platelet activation

They block the ADP receptors on platelets, reducing aggregation.

Question 6

Name two examples of ADP receptor antagonists.

Answer 6

Clopidogrel, Ticagrelor

These medications are commonly prescribed for cardiovascular diseases.

Question 7

Fill in the blank: Acetylsalicylic acid is a _______.

Answer 7

Thromboxane synthesis inhibitor

Question 8

True or False: Tirofiban is an ADP receptor antagonist.

Answer 8

False

Tirofiban is a GPIIb/IIIa receptor antagonist.

Question 9

What is the primary function of antiplatelet agents?

Answer 9

To inhibit platelet aggregation

This helps in preventing the formation of clots.

Question 10

List the types of antiplatelet agents mentioned.

Answer 10

• Thromboxane synthesis inhibitors
• GPIIb/IIIa receptor antagonists
• ADP receptor antagonists

Each type of antiplatelet agent works through different mechanisms.

Question 11

Thromboxane synthesis inhibitor (irreversible inhibitor of cox 1)

Answer 11

ASA

Question 12

Clinical use of ASA

Answer 12

Secondary cerebrovascular and cardiovascular thrombosis prevention,ACS

Question 13

Side effects of Asa

Answer 13

Bleeding of GIT

Question 14

ASA interact with nsaids

Answer 14

Decreased binding to cox1

Question 15

Clinical use of tirofiban

Answer 15

ACS

Question 16

Clopidogrel

Answer 16

Prodrug activated by cyp450, irreversible inhibitor

Question 17

Ticagrelor

Answer 17

Reversible P2Y12 receptors antagonist

Question 18

Use of clopidogrel and ticagrelor

Answer 18

Secondary prevention of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular thrombosis

Question 19

Anticoagulant

Answer 19

Heparin, enoxaparin, fondaparinux, dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban, warfarin

Question 20

Pre hospitality treatment of ACS

Answer 20

Nitrate,O2, antiplatelet, analgesic

Question 21

What is usually used in dual antiplatelet therapy

Answer 21

Aspirin and P2Y12 inhibitor

Question 22

Venous thrombi develop due to

Answer 22

Stasis and contain fibrin and erythrocytes

Question 23

Arterial thrombi is formed of platelets

Answer 23

And occur under rapid blood flow

Question 24

Antithrombin 3 is a

Answer 24

Glycoproteins, synthesized in liver,inactivates serum proteases

Question 25

Normal INR

Answer 25

2 to 3

Question 26

Warfarin acts on

Answer 26

2,7,9,10 and pretin c and protein s

Question 27

Selective inhibitors of 2a, and 10a should be discontinued

Answer 27

24-48hrs before surgery

Question 28

Vit K antagonist should be stopped

Answer 28

1-5days before surgery depending on INR

Question 29

Heparin acts on

Answer 29

2a and 10a (main),9a,11a,12a

Question 30

Heparin uses

Answer 30

ACS,DVT prevention and treatment

Question 31

Side effects of heparin

Answer 31

Hemorrhage and heparin induced Thrombocytopenia

Question 32

Heparin antidote

Answer 32

Protamine sulphate

Question 33

Fondaparinux use

Answer 33

Prevention of venous thromboembolism and ACS

Question 34

Rivaroxaban uses

Answer 34

DVT and PE treatment and prevention and stroke prevention

Question 35

Antidote for rivaroxaban

Answer 35

Andexanet alpha

Question 36

Rivaroxaban has -effect

Answer 36

Irreversible effect

Question 37

Dabigatran and clopidogrel are

Answer 37

Prodrug

Question 38

Dabigatran uses

Answer 38

DVT and PE prevention and Stroke prevention

Question 39

Dabigatran antidote

Answer 39

Idarucizumab

Question 40

Use of warfarin

Answer 40

DVT and PE treatment and prevention,stroke prevention and prevention of thromboembolic complications of MI and heart valvular diseases and prosthetic valves

Question 41

Main clinical manifestation of warfarin toxicity

Answer 41

Ecchymoses, subconjunctival bleeding, gingival bleeding,internal organ bleeding

Question 42

Warfarin toxicity treatment

Answer 42

PCC,FFP, phytamenadione (vitk)

Question 43

Thrombolytic agent

Answer 43

Alteplase

Question 44

Plasminogen activator

Answer 44

Alteplase

Question 45

Use of alteplase

Answer 45

PE, Ischemic stroke therapy,ACS

Question 46

Anti hemorrhagic agents

Answer 46

Tranexamic acid(antifibronolytic) and desmopressin (vasopressin receptor agonist)

Question 47

Haemophilia A

Answer 47

Decreased factor 8 and haemorrhage in joints, muscle and internal organ

Question 48

Von willebrands disease

Answer 48

Mucosal skin haemorrhage,vWF involves in factor 8 transport, platelets adhesion and thrombus formation in primary hemostasis

Question 49

Tranexamic acid(lysine analogue) use

Answer 49

Complications of fibrinolytic therapy or hyper fibrinolysisassive bleeding or it's prognosis

Question 50

Side effects of tranexamic acid

Answer 50

Seizures at high dose, combined with oral contraceptive cause risk of thrombosis

Question 51

Desmopressin acts on V2 receptor and it

Answer 51

Increase factor 8 and Von willebrands factor and enhance platelets adhesion and has antihemorrhagic effect

Question 52

Use of desmopressin

Answer 52

Scheduled surgery in patients with hemophilia a or Von willebrands disease and bleeding control in patients with prolonged blood flow time