Antidotal Measures in Poisoning & Specific Antidotes Flashcards
(66 cards)
An ________ is uncommon, and it is
sometimes impossible to understand whether it is the
result of a genetic predisposition or has some other cause
such as the status of the immune system.
idiosyncratic response
______ binds to the enzyme cytochrome
oxidase resulting in cellular hypoxia and rapid death.
Hydrogen cyanide
______ binds to cholinergic receptors in the central
nervous system (CNS) altering nerve conduction and
inducing gradual onset of paralysis.
Nicotine
The ______ is the most important and critical factor in
determining if a substance will be an acute or a chronic
toxicant.
dosage
The way an individual comes in contact with a toxic
substance, or ______, is important in determining
toxicity.
exposure route
________ refers to species differences in toxicity between
two species simultaneously exposed. This is the basis for the
effectiveness of pesticides and drugs.
Selective toxicity
Metabolism, also known as _______, is the
conversion of a chemical from one form to another by a
biological organism.
biotransformation
In ______, a xenobiotic is converted to a less
toxic form. This is a natural defense mechanism of the
organism.
detoxification
In ________, a xenobiotic may be converted to
more reactive or toxic forms.
bioactivation
The _______ of toxicants and toxic metabolites
throughout the body ultimately determines the sites where
toxicity occurs.
distribution
A major determinant of whether a toxicant
will damage cells is its ______
lipid solubility
_______ counteracts poisoning by
organophosphate insecticides
atropine
______ may enhance the effect of many antihistamines and
sedatives
Alcohol
A synergistic interaction between the antioxidant _______ and a certain concentration of oxygen
results in lung damage in the form of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis.
butylated
hydroxytoluene (BHT)
Types of Poisoning
- Deliberate
- Accidental
- Environmental
- Industrial exposures
First priorities in management of poisoning are:
ABC’s
(Airways, Breathing, & Circulation)
Unresponsive patients treated empirically with coma
cocktail
Oxygen, naloxone, dextrose 50W (D50W), and 100mg
thiamine
Emesis is achieved by
syrup of ipecac
Orogastric lavage is achieved by
36-40 French tube used in adults and
22-24 French tube in children
_____ should be used before withdrawal of tube
Charcoal
Toxin Adsorption in Gut
Activated Charcoal
Multiple Dose-activated charcoal
Cathartics
Whole-Bowel irrigation
Most appropriate agent to decontaminate GI tract
Activated charcoal
Indications for multi-dose activated charcoal:
ingestion
of large doses, substances that form bezoars, slow release
toxins, toxins that slow gut function, toxins with
enterohepatic or enteroenteric circulation.
Cathartics
70% sorbitol (1g/kg) or 10% magnesium citrate
