Antiemetics

Question 0

True or false, cyclizine is a D2 antagonist used to treat motion sickness

Answer 0

False

Question 1

True or false, aprepitant is a substance P agonist which has anti-emetic properties

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Dexamethasone may be used in combination with D2 or 5HT3 antagonists to treat CINV, true or false

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Ondansetron is considered the drug if choice for CINV, true or false

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Which of the following chemicals act on the chemoreceptor trigger zone;
Acetylcholine
Serotonin
Bradykinin 
Dopamine

Answer 4

Acetylcholine
Serotonin
Dopamine

Question 5

Cyclizine, cinnarizine and promethazine are what type of anti emetic

Answer 5

Histamine H1 receptor antagonists

Question 6

What type of antiemetic is ondansetron

Answer 6

Serotonin receptor antagonist

Question 7

What type of antiemetic is hycosine and scopolamine

Answer 7

Muscarinic receptor antagonist

Question 8

What type of antiemetics are phenothiazines, chloropromazine and perphenazine?

Answer 8

D2 receptor antagonists

Question 9

What type of antiemetic is nabilone

Answer 9

Cannabinoid

Question 10

What type of antiemetic is aprepitant

Answer 10

Neurokinin-1 antagonist

Question 11

What percentage of cancer patients treated with anti-neoplastic agents experience emesis?

Answer 11

70-80%

Question 12

Which clinically used drugs are often associated with high levels of emesis

Answer 12

Anti cancer agents
Anaesthetics
Opioids

Question 13

The vomiting reflex is regulated by which part of the CNS

Answer 13

Medulla

Question 14

Where is the chemoreceptor trigger zone located

Answer 14

Dorsal Vagal complex

Question 15

Which pathway inputs into the dorsal Vagal complex causes nausea and vomiting in pregnancy

Answer 15

The Vagal pathway

Question 16

Which pathway inputs into the dorsal Vagal complex causes nausea and vomiting from motion/height

Answer 16

The vestibular pathway

Question 17

Where is the main site of action of antiemetic drugs

Answer 17

Chemoreceptor trigger zone

Question 18

Which emesis pathway is linked to sensory input, stimuli from the pharynx and stimuli from the GI tract

Answer 18

Vagal pathway

Question 19

True of false, antiemetics are agonists

Answer 19

False, they are antagonists

Question 20

Antiemetic H1 antagonists inhibit the release of what substance

Answer 20

Histamine

Question 21

Antiemetic H1 antagonists work less well where?
A. Chemoreceptor trigger zone
B. Vagal pathway
C. Vestibular pathway

Answer 21

Chemoreceptor trigger zone

Question 22

Which H1 antagonists could be given for motion sickness?
A. Cyclizine
B. Cinnarizine
C. Promethazine

Answer 22

Cyclizine and cinnarizine

Question 23

What are the side effects of antiemetic H1 antagonists?

Answer 23

Drowsiness and sedation

Question 24

What is the drug of choice for severe morning sickness in pregnancy A. Cinnarizine B. Cyclizine C. Promethazine

Answer 24

Promethazine

Question 25

When you the antiemetic H1 antagonist cinnarizine be prescribed

Answer 25

Motion sickness Vestibular disorders

Question 26

When would you use the H3 receptor agonist betahistine hydrochloride?

Answer 26

Vertigo

Question 27

Which antiemetics are good "general purpose" antiemetics

Answer 27

Muscarinic Rs antagonists; hyoscine, scopolaimine

Question 28

True or false, hyoscine, scopolamine is the drug of choice for motion sickness

Answer 28

True

Question 29

How are the antiemetics Muscarinic Rs antagonists hyoscine/scopolamine administered

Answer 29

Oral and/or transdermal patch

Question 30

Where do antiemetic D2 receptor antagonists work strongly

Answer 30

Chemoreceptor trigger zone

Question 31

True or false, antiemetic D2 Rs antagonists have a powerful antiemetic action and will antagonise Muscarinic and histamine receptors too

Answer 31

True

Question 32

Phenothiazines, metoclopramide and domperidone are all examples of what type of antiemetic

Answer 32

D2 Rs antagonist

Question 33

Perphenazine, prochloropramazine and phenothiazines are examples of which antiemetic

Answer 33

D2 Rs antagonist

Question 34

``` Which D2 Rs antagonist antiemetic is indicated for severe morning sickness of pregnancy A. Domperidone B. Metoclopramide C. Trifluoperazine D. Phenothiazines ```

Answer 34

Phenothiazines

Question 35

How is the D2 Rs antagonist antiemetic phenothiazines administered

Answer 35

Orally IV Suppository

Question 36

Which D2 Rs antagonist anti emetic penetrates the blood-brain barrier

Answer 36

Metoclopramide

Question 37

How is the drug metoclopramide administered

Answer 37

Oral | IV/IM

Question 38

Which D2 Rs antagonist anti emetic is used for migraine and cytotoxic therapy-induced emesis and emesis due to emergency hormonal contraception

Answer 38

Domperidone

Question 39

Does the antiemetic domperidone penetrate the blood brain barrier?

Answer 39

No

Question 40

True or false, D2 Rs antagonists have an effect on chemoreceptor trigger zone, Vagal pathway and the vestibular pathway

Answer 40

False, they do not effect the vestibular pathway

Question 41

What type of antiemetic is ondansetron, granisetron, palonosetron and tropisetron?

Answer 41

5HT3 antagonist

Question 42

What is the drug if choice for chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV)

Answer 42

Ondansetron

Question 43

How can the antiemetic ondansetron be administered

Answer 43

Oral Suppositories IV IM

Question 44

What are the side effects of the antiemetic ondansetron

Answer 44

Gastrointestinal disturbances | Headache

Question 45

Which two types of antiemetics work on the vestibular pathway?

Answer 45

Muscarinic Rs antagonists | H1 Rs antagonists

Question 46

Which 3 antiemetics work on the Vagal pathway?

Answer 46

5HT3 antagonists D2 Rs antagonists H1 Rs antagonists

Question 47

Which 3 types of antiemetics work on the chemoreceptor trigger zone

Answer 47

5HT3 antagonists D2 Rs antagonists M antagonists

Question 48

The antiemetic aprepitant is an antagonist of what?

Answer 48

Substance P NK1R

Question 49

What is active in late phase emesis with cytotoxic drugs?

Answer 49

Neurokinin 1 (substance P)

Question 50

What is the substance P antagonist used for

Answer 50

CINV | PONV

Question 51

What is the route of administration of aprepitant

Answer 51

Oral | IV

Question 52

Fosaprepitant is a pro drug of what antiemetic

Answer 52

Aprepitant

Question 53

Casopitant, maropritant, aprepitant and Fosaprepitant are all examples of what kind of anti emetic?

Answer 53

Neurokinin 1 (substance P) antagonists

Question 54

The antiemetics nabilone and marinol are examples of what

Answer 54

Cannabinoids

Question 55

Antiemetic cannabinoids mimetic the main chemical componant of cannibis - which is?

Answer 55

HTC

Question 56

Which antiemetic is used adjunct to chronic pain management

Answer 56

Nabilone - cannabinoid

Question 57

How is it thought the antiemetic nabilone works?

Answer 57

Act via opioid receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone

Question 58

Corticosteroids such as Dexamethasone can be used for what kind of emesis

Answer 58

Vomiting caused by cytotoxics

Question 59

Dexamethasone is used in combination with which 2 other antiemetics to improve their actions

Answer 59

D2 and 5HT3 antagonists

Question 60

Which drugs would you use for anticipatory emesis?

Answer 60

Benzodiazepines

Question 61

Which two antiemetics are most suitable for emesis causes by opioids?

Answer 61

Haloperidol | Metoclopramide

Question 62

Which antiemetic is most suitable for emesis caused by gastroenteritis

Answer 62

Metoclopramide

Question 63

Apomorphine is what kind of drug?

Answer 63

Emetic

Question 64

How is the emetic apomorphine administered?

Answer 64

IM | Subcut

Question 65

How long does it take for the emetic apomorphine to act

Answer 65

5-10mins

Question 66

Which is the most commonly used emetic? A. Ipecacuanha B. Apomorphine C. Activated charcoal

Answer 66

Activated charcoal