Antifungal Agents

Question 1

Fungi are also called?

Answer 1

Mycoses

Question 2

Fungi cell wall and cell memberane is made up of??

Answer 2

Chitin and ergosterol respectively.

Question 3

Fungi drugs are classified based on??

Answer 3

Mechanism/site of axn.
Chemical nature.
Route of administration.

Question 4

Based on mechanism of action, antifungal drugs are further divided into??

Answer 4

Fungi wall inhibitors.
Fungi cell memberane inhibitors.
Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors.
Disruptors of mitotic spindle formation

Question 5

Example of drug class fungal wall synthesis inhibitor is??

Answer 5

Echinocandin eg capsofungin.

Question 6

List the drug classes that act on fungal cell memberane?

Answer 6

Polyene.
Allyl amine.
Azole.

Question 7

List the drug classes that inhibit nucleic acid synthesis

Answer 7

Flucytoseine.

Question 8

Examples of drugs under polyenes?

Answer 8

Nystatin
Amphotericin B

Question 9

Azoles are divided into two classes namely??

Answer 9

Imidazole and triazole.

Question 10

Drugs under imidazoles include?

Answer 10

Clotrimazole.
Miconazole.
Ketconazole.

Question 11

Drugs under triazole group include?

Answer 11

Voriconazole.
Poscaconazole.
Fluconazole.
Itraconazole.

Question 12

Drugs under Allyl amine group include?

Answer 12

Terbinafine.
Naftifine.
Butenafine.

Question 13

Drugs under echinocandins include??

Answer 13

Capsofungin
Micafungin
Rezafungin

Question 14

What is the MOA of azoles??

Answer 14

Inhibitors of lanosterol alpha 14-demethylase.

Question 15

What is the MOA of echinocandins?

Answer 15

Inhibit 1,3-beta- glucan synthase

Question 16

What is the MOA of polyenes??

Answer 16

Disrupts the cell memberane of fungi because of its affinity for ergosterol. And causes direct oxidative damage.

Question 17

Which group of antifungal drugs share some chemical properties with antibiotics?

Answer 17

Polyenes : amphotericin B, nystatin, hamycin, natamycin.

Heterocyclic benozofuran: griesofulvin.

Question 18

Which drug is a pyrimidine analogue?

Answer 18

Flucytosine.

Question 19

Which of the azole group can be both topical and systemic and which is strictly systemic?

Answer 19

Imidazole both
Triazole systemic

Question 20

An example of a systemic imidazole is?

Answer 20

Ketoconazole

Question 21

Examples of topical imidazole?

Answer 21

Clotrimazole.
Miconazole.
Oxiconazole.
Econazole.

Question 22

Which drug is a heterocyclic benozofuran?

Answer 22

Griesofulvin.

Question 23

Echinocandins are fungicidal.

T/F

Answer 23

True.

Question 24

What is the route of administration of echinocandins?

Answer 24

IV

Question 25

Which fungi does echinocandin target?

Answer 25

Candida and aspergillus.

Question 26

Which drug in the polyene class is both systemic and topical?

Answer 26

Amphotericin B

Question 27

What is the MOA of Allyl amines??

Answer 27

Blocks ergosterol and lanosterol production by inhibition of squalene epoxidase. Intracellular accumulation of squalene leads to disruption of cell memberane.

Question 28

Azoles are fungicidal but fungistatic at high doses. T/F

Answer 28

False.

Question 29

Ketoconazole given PO can cause??

Answer 29

Hepatotoxicity.

Question 30

What is the clinical use of imidazole??

Answer 30

Dermatophytosis Pityrasis versicolor Candidiasis Fungal otitis externa

Question 31

What is the clinical use for triazole??

Answer 31

Systemic mycoses

Question 32

What is the MOA of flucytosine??

Answer 32

It inhibits thymidylate synthase, limiting the supply of thymidine.

Question 33

Why is flucytosine not given alone but with amphotericin B?

Answer 33

Because fungal resistance to flucytosine can develop rapidly when used alone.

Question 34

Clinical use of nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors include??

Answer 34

Cryptococcosis Candidiasis Chromoblastomycoses

Question 35

What is the MOA of griesofulvin??

Answer 35

Binds to tubulin and acts by preventing the formation of mitotic spindle.

Question 36

What is the clinical use for griesofulvin??

Answer 36

Used to treat hair and nail infection where topical treatment has failed.