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[Ther 201] 3rd Exam Cluster 1 > Antifungals > Flashcards

Antifungals Flashcards

1
Q

What is an ideal antifungal?

A

Selectively eliminates fungal pathogens from a host with minimal toxicity to the host

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2
Q

What are the three targets of antifungals?

A

Cell wall, Cell membrane, cytoplasm

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3
Q

Used if refractory to other agents

A

Echinocandins

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4
Q

Site of action of griseofulvin?

A

binds to microtubules

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5
Q

site of action of echinocandins?

A

cell wall

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6
Q

Polyenes are products of _______ species

A

Streptomyces

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7
Q

What organisms are resistant to Amphotericin?

A

Pseudallescheria boydii, Fusarium spp., Trichosporon spp., certain isolates of Candida lusitaniae & Candida guilliermondii

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8
Q

T or F. Dose adjustment is required for Amphotericin B.

A

F. Hepatic and renal impairment, and dialysis have little impact on drug concentrations

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9
Q

Adverse effects of Amphotericin B

A

Elevation of LFT?s, anemia (reduced erythropoietin production), impaired hepatic function

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10
Q

List three imidazoles

A

ketoconazole, miconazole (topical), and clotrimazole (topical)

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11
Q

List three triazole

A

itraconzaole, fluconazole (prototype) and voriconazole

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12
Q

Excretion of itraconazole

A

Fecal

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13
Q

Does Amphotericin B cross the blood-brain barrier?

A

Yes. Kaya intrathecal yung administration for cryptococcal meningitis.

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14
Q

most significant toxic reaction for Amphotericin B

A

Renal damage causes K+ bicarbonate wasting

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15
Q

MOA of Azoles

A

Inhibits 14-?-demethylase during ergosterol synthesis from lanosterol

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16
Q

Fungistatic or Fungicidal? Azole

A

Fungistatic

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17
Q

Resistant to Amphotericin B

A

Pseudallescheria boydii, Fusarium spp., Trichosporon spp., certain isolates of Candida lusitaniae & Candida guilliermondii

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18
Q

Most common AE for Azoles

A

relatively minor gastrointestinal upset

19
Q

Interferes with synthesis of adrenal hormones

A

Ketoconazole

20
Q

resistant to fluconazole

A

Candida glabrata and Candida krusei

21
Q

Most commonly used for the treatment of mucocutaneous candidiasis

A

Fluconazole

22
Q

Used extensively in the treatment of dermatophytoses and onychomycosis

A

Itraconazole

23
Q

May cause Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

A

Itraconazole

24
Q

Azole of choice for aspergillosis

A

Voriconazole

25
Q

Little interaction at CYP450

A

Voriconazole

26
Q

Inhibits CYP3A4

A

Posaconazole

27
Q

Taken up by fungal cells via enzyme cytosine permease

A

Flucytosine

28
Q

Does Flucytosine penetrate CNS?

A

Yes.

29
Q

Fungistatic or Fungicidal? Flucystosine

A

Fungistatic

30
Q

Most common AE?s for Flucytosine

A

Bone marrow toxicity with anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia

31
Q

Mechanism of Action of Echinocandins

A

Act at the level of the fungal cell wall by inhibiting beta (1-3) gucan synthase

32
Q

Fungistatic or Fungicidal? Echinocandins

A

Fungicidal

33
Q

histamine release may occur during IV infusion

A

Anidulafungin

34
Q

For disseminated and mucocutaneous candida infections

A

Caspofungin

35
Q

licensed for mucocutaneous candidiasis and prophylaxis of candida infections in BM transplant patients

A

Micafungin

36
Q

approved for use in esophageal candidiasis and invasive candidiasis, including septicemia

A

Anidulafungin

37
Q

Antifungal derived from species of Penicilium

A

Griseofulvin

38
Q

orally administered in crystalline form

A

Griseofulvin

39
Q

MOA of Griseofulvin

A

Binds to microtubules comprising the spindles and inhibits mitosis

40
Q

Drug of choice for onychomycosis

A

Terbinafine

41
Q

MOA of Terbinafine

A

Inhibits squalene 2, 3- epoxidase

42
Q

Used in the ICU for vaginal candidiasis

A

Nystatin

43
Q

pleasant- tasting alternative to nystatin

A

Clotrimazole, Miconazole

44
Q

used to treat cutaneous and lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis

A

Potassium Iodide

[Ther 201] 3rd Exam Cluster 1 (3 decks)

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