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NURS 305 - Exam 5 > Antifungals / Antiparasitics / Antivirals > Flashcards

Antifungals / Antiparasitics / Antivirals Flashcards

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1
Q

______ refers to an infection caused by fungus

A

Mycosis

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2
Q

Fungi are ______

A

Eukaryotic

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3
Q

What are the causes of candida albicans? (3)

A
  • Antibiotics
  • Antineoplastics
  • Immunosuppressants
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4
Q

Onychomycoses affects the ______

A

Nail bed

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5
Q

Tinea capititis affects the ______

A

Scalp

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6
Q

Tinea cruris affects the ______

A

Groin

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7
Q

Tinea pedis affects the ______

A

Feet

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8
Q

What is the primary indication of Amphotericin B?

A

Fungal infections

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9
Q

What are the side effects of Amphotericin B? (3)

A
  • Fever
  • Hypotension
  • Muscle / joint pain
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10
Q

What are the adverse effects of Amphotericin B? (2)

A
  • Nephrotoxicity
  • Hypokalemia
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11
Q

Amphotericin B treatment takes ______

A

6 - 8 weeks

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12
Q

Amphotericin B is recommended to be administered with ______ to decrease renal impact

A

IVF

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13
Q

Describe the monitoring associated with Amphotericin B (2)

A
  • Renal function
  • Potassium
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14
Q

______ provides broad fungal coverage

A

fluconazole (Diflucan)

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15
Q

What is the primary indication of fluconazole (Diflucan)?

A

Fungal infections

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16
Q

What is the primary benefit associated with fluconazole (Diflucan)?

A

Great bioavailability

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17
Q

What is the primary side effect associated with fluconazole (Diflucan)?

A

GI complications

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18
Q

What is the primary adverse effect associated with fluconazole (Diflucan)?

A

Liver impairment

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19
Q

What is the primary indication of ketoconazole (Nizoral)?

A

Fungal infections

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20
Q

What are the adverse effects of ketoconazole (Nizoral)? (5)

A
  • Hepatotoxicity
  • Cardiovascular events
  • Thrombocytopenia
  • Hemolytic anemia
  • Leukopenia
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21
Q

What drug interactions decrease absorption of ketoconazole (Nizoral)? (3)

A
  • Antacids
  • H2 antagonists
  • Proton pump inhibitors
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22
Q

What drug interactions increase risk of ketoconazole (Nizoral) toxicity? (3)

A
  • Digoxin
  • Warfarin
  • Sulfonylureas
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23
Q

What is the primary topical antifungal? (not systemic)

A

nystatin (Mycostatin)

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24
Q

What types of fungal infections is nystatin (Mycostatin) used to treat? (3)

A
  • Cutaneous
  • Intestinal
  • Oral
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25
Since antifungals are metabolized by cytochrome P450, they are ...
Highly protein bound - many interactions
26
What are the common protozoal infections? (4)
- Amebiasis - Giardiasis - Trichomoniasis - Toxoplasmosis
27
______ patients are at higher risk of developing protozoal infections
Immunocompromised
28
What are the routes of metronidazole (Flagyl)? (2)
- PO - IV
29
What type of protozoal infection is metronidazole (Flagyl) used to treat?
Trichomoniasis
30
______ are used to treat non-HIV viruses
Antivirals
31
______ are used to treat HIV
Antiretrovirals
32
What are the indications of oseltamivir (Tamiflu)? (2)
- Influenza A - Influenza B
33
What is the route of oseltamivir (Tamiflu)?
PO
34
What is the goal of oseltamivir (Tamiflu)?
Reduce the duration of illness (several days)
35
What is the primary side effect of oseltamivir (Tamiflu)?
Nausea / vomiting
36
oseltamivir (Tamiflu) treatment should begin within ______ of influenza symptom onset
48 hours
37
Describe the primary nursing consideration associated with oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
Renal dose adjustments required
38
What is HSV-1?
Oral herpes
39
What is HSV-2?
Genital herpes
40
What is VZV?
Chickenpox / singles
41
What is HHV-4?
Epstein-Barr (mono)
42
What is HHV-5?
Cytomegalovirus
43
What is HHV-8?
Kaposi's sarcoma
44
What are the indications of acyclovir (Zovirax)? (3)
- HSV-1 - HSV-2 - VZV
45
What are the adverse effects of acyclovir (Zovirax)? (2)
- Renal failure - Neurotoxicity
46
What are the manifestations of neurotoxicity? (3)
- Agitation - Delirium - Hallucinations
47
Describe the nursing interventions associated with acyclovir (Zovirax) (2)
- Wear gloves with topical administration - Monitor for phlebitis with IV administration
48
What are the indications of valacyclovir (Valtrex)? (3)
- HSV-1 - HSV-2 - VZV
49
When should valacyclovir (Valtrex) be taken?
At the first sign of an outbreak
50
What is the primary indication of ganciclovir (Cytovene)?
Cytomegalovirus (transplant patents)
51
Describe the black box warning associated with ganciclovir (Cytovene)
Extreme risk of toxicity
52
What are the manifestations of ganciclovir (Cytovene) toxicity? (3)
- Anemia - Neutropenia - Thrombocytopenia
53
Describe the risks associated with ganciclovir (Cytovene) (3)
- Carcinogenic - Teratogenic - Infertility
54
What is the primary class of antiretrovirals?
Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI)
55
What is the standard treatment for HIV?
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)
56
HAART consists of ______ medications
3
57
Describe HAART (3)
- Starts immediately after diagnosis - NOT curative - Prophylactic
58
HAAART is highly ______
Toxic
59
What are the goals of HAART? (4)
- Decrease replication - Decrease opportunistic infections - Increase T cells - Prolong life
60
What is the drug class of zidovudine (AZT, Retrovir)?
NRTI
61
Describe the primary nursing intervention associated with zidovudine (AZT, Retrovir)
Renal dose adjustments required
62
What is the primary risk associated with hepatitis C?
Thromboembolic events
63
Hepatitis C may reactivate ______
Hepatitis B infection
64
What is the therapeutic dosage used for treatment of hepatitis C?
ledipasvir 90 mg / sofobuvir 400 mg = Harvoni

NURS 305 - Exam 5 (4 decks)

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