Antigen

Question 1

Any molecular structure that when introduced is capable of Antibody reaction

Answer 1

Antigen

Question 2

The capacity of the immune system to react to foreign or non-self objects is due to?

Answer 2

Major Histocompatibility Complex

Question 3

Responsible for the molecular weight of the antigen

Answer 3

Carrier Portion

Question 4

Important determinant as to whether an antigen can elicit or induce immune response

Answer 4

Carrier Portion

Question 5

Responsible for the specificity of the antigen

Answer 5

Epitope

Question 6

Interacts the with Fab portion of the antibody

Answer 6

Epitope

Question 7

Other term for the part of antigen that is responsible for specificity of antigen

Answer 7

Determinant

Question 8

Portion of the antibody where antigen binds

Answer 8

Antigen Binding Fragment (Fab)

Question 9

What are the two (2) properties of antigen?

Answer 9

1. Immunogenicity
2. Antigenicity/Specificity

Question 10

What are the three (3) factors that affect the immunogenicity of the antigen?

Answer 10

1. Foreignness
2. Size
3. Chemical Complexity

Question 11

Dictates the level of immune response

Answer 11

Foreignness

Question 12

What are the four (4) antigen types in terms of foreignness?

Answer 12

1. Autoantigen
2. Alloantigen
3. Heteroantigen
4. Heterophile Antigen

Question 13

Antigen that comes from the host species; does not induce immune response

Answer 13

Autoantigen

Question 14

Disorder when the immune system attacks normal antigen in the body

Answer 14

Autoimmune disorder

Question 15

Antigen that comes from the other member of the host species; may induce immune response

Answer 15

Alloantigen

Question 16

Antigen type that causes transfusion associated reactions

Answer 16

Alloantigen

Question 17

Antigen derived from other species (i.e. animals, plants, microorganism); capable of eliciting immune response

Answer 17

Heteroantigen

Question 18

Type of antigen that is present in the microbial cell surface during infection

Answer 18

Heteroantigen

Question 19

Type of antigen that is derived from unrelated species but are identical or closely related in structure

Answer 19

Heterophile Antigen

Question 20

This type of antigen causes cross reaction with the antibodies that are produced by the immune response

Answer 20

Heterophile Antigen

Question 21

Rich source of antigens

Answer 21

Graft

Question 22

Other term for Graft

Answer 22

Tissue Transplant

Question 23

Why is tissue typing important prior to transplantation?

Answer 23

Because graft or tissue transplant is a rich source or antigens. When a tissue is transplanted, it is capable of eliciting immune response; and the more antigen present, the greater the immune response.

Question 24

How is graft differentiated?

Answer 24

Based on the source if tissue

Question 25

What are the four (4) types of Graft?

Answer 25

1. Autograft 2. Isograft/Syngraft 3. Allograft 4. Heterograft/Xenograft

Question 26

Graft type that comes from the host itself/ patient's own body

Answer 26

Autograft

Question 27

Graft type that is derived from identical individuals

Answer 27

Isograft/Syngraft

Question 28

Graft type that is derived from non-identical individuals

Answer 28

Allograft

Question 29

This is the most common tissue transplantation done in the hospitals

Answer 29

Allograft

Question 30

Most common tissue/organ transplanted

Answer 30

Kidney

Question 31

Most common liquid tissue/body fluid transfused

Answer 31

Blood

Question 32

Type of graft that is derived from other species (i.e. plants, animals)

Answer 32

Heterograft/Xenograft

Question 33

The factor of antigen immunogenicity dictates the number of epitopes present in the antigen

Answer 33

Size

Question 34

Unit size of the antigen

Answer 34

Daltons

Question 35

Antigen that has less than 10,000T molecular mass

Answer 35

Haptens

Question 36

Molecular weight of immunogenic antigen

Answer 36

> 10,000 Da

Question 37

Molecular weight of non-immunogenic antigen

Answer 37

< 10,000 Da

Question 38

What is the molecular mass of Albumin?

Answer 38

30,000 to 60,000

Question 39

Good antigen, stable antigen

Answer 39

Albumin

Question 40

Excellent antigen; highly complex antigen

Answer 40

Hemocyanin

Question 41

Molecular mass of hemocyanin

Answer 41

100,000 to millions Da

Question 42

How can a hapten be immunogenic?

Answer 42

Hapten must have a carrier in order for it to become immunogenic

Question 43

The best and strongest antigen

Answer 43

Protein

Question 44

Why is protein the best and strongest antigen? (3 answers)

Answer 44

Because the peptide bonds that bind amino acids are covalently bonded which makes them highly stable. Does not easily dissociate in plasma Has longer circulation life

Question 45

Overall chemical structure

Answer 45

Chemical Complexity

Question 46

Why are nucleic acids, lipids, and amino acids least immunogenic?

Answer 46

They easily dissociate in the circulation

Question 47

The ability to react specifically with the antibody or cell that caused it to be produced

Answer 47

Antigenicity/Specificity

Question 48

Why are antigens used in the laboratory as reagents?

Answer 48

Because target antibodies detected in the serum or plasma can specifically bind with these antigens

Question 49

An incomplete antigen

Answer 49

Hapten

Question 50

Most common carrier of hapten in the circulation

Answer 50

Albumin

Question 51

Any substance that can induce an immune response

Answer 51

Immunogen

Question 52

True or False: All antigen are immunogenic.

Answer 52

False. Not all antigens are immunogenic, because antigen may be an incomplete antigen which prevents them from inducing immune response.

Question 53

True or False: All immunogens are antigenic.

Answer 53

True. An immunogen will always elicit immune response

Question 54

Most fatal Hypersensitivity reaction

Answer 54

Type 1 Hypersensitivity

Question 55

A special class of immunogen that induces hypersensitivity reactions

Answer 55

Allergen

Question 56

What happens during hypersensitivity reaction?

Answer 56

Immune response is exaggerated that it damages the tissue.

Question 57

Substances added to an immunogen to enhance immune response

Answer 57

Adjuvants

Question 58

Cause the immunogen to have greater immune reactivity

Answer 58

Adjuvants

Question 59

Actions of Adjuvants (3)

Answer 59

▪ Prolongs the retention time of the immunogen in the body ▪ Increases the effective size of immunogen ▪ Stimulates the influx of macrophage and/or lymphocytes

Question 60

Example of an adjuvant: A water in oil emulsion of Mycobacterium butyricum or Bordetella pertussis culture

Answer 60

CFA (Complete Freunds Adjuvants)

Question 61

Bacteria present in CFA

Answer 61

M. butyricum and/or B. pertussis

Question 62

Most commonly used adjuvant in clinical setting

Answer 62

Aluminum adjuvants

Question 63

Examples of Adjuvants (3):

Answer 63

CFA Lipopolysaccharide Aluminum adjuvants

Question 64

The strength of the attraction between an epitope and the antigen combining site of the antibody

Answer 64

Affinity

Question 65

Refers to the strength of interaction between complex antigens and antibodies

Answer 65

Avidity

Question 66

Difference between avidity and affinity

Answer 66

the interacting part of the Antigen and Antibody

Question 67

Simple interaction between a single epitope of antigen and Fab portion of antibody

Answer 67

Affinity

Question 68

Sum total of strength of reaction between multiple epitopes of the antigens – involves complex antigens

Answer 68

Avidity