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Pharmacology > Antihistamines & Autacoid Modifying Agents > Flashcards

Antihistamines & Autacoid Modifying Agents Flashcards

1
Q

What are autacoids?

A

Substances derived from various cell types that exert effects on other cell types within the same region

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2
Q

What are the different classifications of autacoids?

A

Amines, eicosanoids, and peptide autacoids

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3
Q

Define histamine

A
  • Amine autacoid
  • Actions on CNS: mainly promotes wakefulness
  • Excreted by basophils and mast cells (CNS and GI tract)
  • Critical role in anaphylaxis and allergy
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4
Q

What are the histamine receptors?

A
  • HR1: blood vessels, smooth muscle, lungs, CNS
  • HR2: heart and GI
  • HR3 and 4: CNS/PNS for 3; bone marrow for 4
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5
Q

What are the effects of histamine on the heart?

A

Increase HR and contraction

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6
Q

What are the effects of histamine on the resp system?

A

Smooth muscle contraction

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7
Q

What are the effects of histamine on the GI tract?

A

Gastric acid secretion

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8
Q

What are the effects of histamine on the blood vessels?

A

Vasodilation

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9
Q

What are the effects of histamine on the nervous system?

A

Stimulation of nociceptors and arousal

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10
Q

What are the effects of histamine on the skin?

A

Reddening, wheal, flare

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11
Q

Histamine causes what in rabbits vs. guinea pigs?

A

Vasoconstriction (rabbits); bronchoconstriction/death by asphyxiation (guinea pigs)

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12
Q

What causes anaphylactic reactions to occur?

A

Mast cells and basophils systemically and abruptly release mediators of inflammation; severe allergic reaction

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13
Q

What is the first line of defense for anaphylactic shock?

A

Epinephrine!

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14
Q

Diphenhydramine

A

MOI: H1 antagonist

Uses: treat allergic reactions, motion sickness (not as effective in cats); prophylactic for doxorubicin

AE: anticholinergic effects, sedation; may cause paradoxical excitement in cats

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15
Q

Cyproheptadine

A

MOI: H1 antagonist; non-specific serotonin receptor antagonist

Uses: to treat allergic reactions, stimulate appetite (mostly in cats)

AE: anticholinergic effects; sedation

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16
Q

Meclizine

A

MOI: H1 antagonist; anticholinergic activity

Uses: antihistamine with antiemetic and sedative effects; treat vestibular disease (vertigo)

AE: sedation

17
Q

Famotidine

A

MOI: H2 receptor antagonist

Uses: decreases GI acid production

AE: GI effects

18
Q

Define serotonin

A
  • Amine autacoid; derived from tryptophan
  • NT in brain and periphery
  • Synthesized in platelets, gastric mucosa, and brain (raphe nuclei) also in plants
  • Modulates mood, emotions, memories in CNS
19
Q

What are the serotonin receptors and where are they located?

A

5HT2 - CNS, PNS, smooth mm

5HT4 - GI, CNS

5HT6 - CNS, leukocytes

5HT7 - CNS, GI, bv

5HT1 and 5 - CNS

5HT3 - CNS, PNS

20
Q

What is the effect of serotonin on the GI system?

A

Increased motility

21
Q

What is the effect of serotonin on the blood vessels?

A
  • Vasodilation (due to effects on mediators)
  • Vasoconstriction (direct effects on endothelial cells)
22
Q

What is the effect of serotonin on the nervous system?

A

Regulation of mood, memory

23
Q

What is the effect of serotonin on leukocytes?

A

Activation

24
Q

Seligiline

A

MOI: monoamine oxidase B inhibitor

Uses: canine or feline cognitive disorder

AE: vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, restlessness

25
Q

Fluoxetine

A

MOI: SSRI

Uses: OCD, aggression, separation anxiety

AE: vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia

26
Q

What happens if you use Seligiline with SSRIs?

A

Excess serotonin concentration - Serotonin Syndrome

27
Q

Trazadone

A

Antidepressant

MOI: 5HT2a antagonist, weak SSRI

Uses: treat anxiety, can be used in adjunct w/ other antidepressants

AE: sedation, adverse GI effects

28
Q

What is Serotonin (5-HT) Syndrome and its effects?

A

Too much serotonin

High body temp, tachycardia, diarrhea, agitation

Pharmacology (33 decks)

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