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Pharmacology > Antihypertensive > Flashcards

Antihypertensive Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the organelle that play rule in regulation of blood pressure.

A

Lung
Liver
Kidney
Adrenal gland

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2
Q

What is systolic blood pressure.

A

Pressure the artery pumping blood out

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3
Q

What is dystolic blood pressure

A

Heart relax or filling with blood

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4
Q

What is normal blood pressure

A

120/80

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5
Q

How we can remember antiherpertensive drudge

A

By A B C D E

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6
Q

What is the effect of the Angelo tension 2?

A

1-increase sympathetic activity
2-vasoconstriction
3-produce aldosterone from medulla
All this increase blood pressure

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7
Q

Ace anhibiterhow we can remember the drug?

A

By end(perils)

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8
Q

What is the mechanism of Ace inhibited

A

Inhibit the convention angiotensin 1 to angeotention 2

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9
Q

The side effect of the ACE inhibitor is?

A 
1-Dry cough
2-rash
3-nausea/vomiting
4-headache
5-Diarrhea
6- hyperkalemia
7-hypotension
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10
Q

Contraindication to use ace inhabited is?

A 
Pregnancy
Asthma 
Allergy
 Bilateral Renal stenosis
Chronic cough
Hyperkalemia
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11
Q

What is the mechanism action of Angeotensein 2 receptor blocking?

A

Block bind the angeotention 2 to binding to their receptors so decrease ante activity of angeotention 2 so decrease blood pressure

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12
Q

Side effect of angeotention block reseptor is

A 
Head ache
Nausea
Diarrhoea
Dizziness
Back pain
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13
Q

Avoiding of angeotention reseptore blocking are

A

Pregnancy
Renalstenosis bilateral
Allergy

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14
Q

Why angeotention reseptore use as alternative to ACE inhiabitor?

A

Because with ace inhibitors getting dry coughing

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15
Q

The end of angeotention reseptore blockers are

A

Sartan

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16
Q

Alpha 1 reseptore blocker worke on

A

On the vessels epithelium cell that have alpha 1 reseptore that responsible to smoothe muscle cell contract=narrow lumen= increase blood pressure

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17
Q

What alpha 1 reseptore bloche r do

A

Block alpha 1 reseptore
Inhabit adrenergic activity leading to decrease blood pressure

-also deacrease total cholesterol I body so it’s perfect to patient have the tow disease

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18
Q

Side effect of the alpha 1 reseptor blocking?

A

Hypotension

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19
Q

Beta blockers(Olol)

A

Is important in blocking sympathetic activity
Reduce cardiac outbout
Will cause 👎🏻glumoral filtration either selective beta blockers

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20
Q

What is pasemaker cells and when located?

A

Is cell located in heart
Make conduction system of the heart
Regulate heart rate how fast the heart pumping

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21
Q

Pacemaker cell effected by

A

Sympathetic nervous system and

Parasympathetic nervous system

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22
Q

Which reseptore pacemakers cell have?and when stamulat what it do?

A

Beta 1 reseptore sympathetic nervous system norepinephrine and epinephrine will stamulate beta 1 reseptor and make rapid heart rat=increase blood pressure

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23
Q

Which reseptor is on myocardial muscle

A

Beta 1 reseptore

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24
Q

Mechanism action of the beta blockers is

A

Block sympathetic function on the heart(pacemaker reseptor/myocardial reseptor)by block beta receptor
1-decrease heart rate
2-decrease myocardial contraction
=decrease cardiac rate=decrease cardiac output=decreaseBP

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25
Side effect of beta blocker?
``` Bradycardia Fatigue Hypotension Libido Bronchocontraction ```
26
Conindacation of beta blocker
OLD | PVD
27
Calcium channel role in the body?
Have tow type of calcium channel T-type calcium channel L-type calcium channel
28
When T-type calcium channel found
In heart (pacemaker cell)cause the heart to pump faster=increase BP
29
Which type of ca block use in t-type
T- type ca channel blocker that 👎🏻HR=👎🏻CO=👎🏻BP
30
What is t-type ca channel blocker?
Verapamil Dihydropyidines Benzothizepine
31
L-type ca channel found in
On smooth muscle cells
32
What l-type ca channel do to smoth muscle of vessels?
Influx ca into Luman and cause contraction👍🏻BP Also found in cardiomyocyte
33
L- type ca channel blocker is dihydroperdens
Some of the drugs of dihydroperioden also block t-type ca channel
34
Example on the L-type ca channel is
Nifeoipine
35
Side effect of ca channel blockers
Headache,dizziness,hypotensive palpitation,odema
36
Contraindication of ca channel blockers
Congestive heart failur | Ventracular tachycardia
37
How heart failure occurs with ca channel blocker
L-type will weaking or reducing of contraction the strength of the heart
38
Diuretic worke on
Kidney
39
Diuretics mechanism action
-👍🏻urine output 👎🏻fluid overload(Na) 👎🏻 blood pressure 👎🏻Co
40
What is the type of the diuretics?
- loop (stronger) - thiozate - k sparing
41
What is loop diuretic do
Inhabit transport of ions District hall transport in ascending loop of Henley (Cl ions)so don’t move Na to blood 🩸 Use only in complicated cases(CRF-CHF) marked fluid retention
42
Thiozate do?
Work on distal tubuler that reabsorb cl and Na together to blood and 👍🏻BP So Thizoite block this transport and block Na /h2o 👎🏻BP
43
K sparing diuretic worke on
Distal nephron that reabsorb Na and secret K So inhibit this So 👎🏻reabsorbtion Na and prevent secretion if K And it used as compensation with thiazides (Triametern+benzathiazide)
44
Endotheline Reseptore antagonistic
Cause vasodilation worke on blood vessels 👎🏻BP Block endothelial reseptore and block contraction and make vasodilation
45
Side effect of ERA
``` Headache Nasocongestion Nausea Hypotension Palpitation peripheral odema ```
46
What is prehypertention
When BP129/89
47
Stage 1 hypertension
149-159/90-99
48
Stage 2 hypertension
>160\>100
49
What is classification of hypertension
Essentially:unknown origin Secondary:do to another disease
50
Why we grate hypertension
To avoid - damage vascular epithelium - high BP load on heart do to CHF Hypertension asymptotic should be treated
51
What is equation of the BP
BP=CO*PVR
52
How we control long term BP?
By control blood pressure
53
What is the diuretics drugs?what is their mechanism?
Loop directs (furosemide) Thiazides (hydrochlorithizaid,chlorthiliden K sparing 👍🏻exertion sodium and water and 👎🏻blood volum 👎🏻BP
54
Drugs of ACE inhabited?and what they do?
``` Captopril Lisinopril Enalapril Ramipril Fosinopril ``` Inhibited synthesis angeotention 2
55
ARB drug?what do
جماعه Sartan | Block binding
56
What is centrally drugs ?and what do
Clonidina Methyldopa Act on central alpha2 a reseptore to 👎🏻sympathetic out flow-fail on BP
57
What is beta adrenergic blockers?
``` Non selective: Metoprolol Atenolol Esmolo Pindalol ``` Bind and block norepinephrain activity Beta and alpha blocker: Labetalol Carvidolol Alpha blockers: البقيه يعني Blocking alpha reseptore in smooth muscle vasodilation
58
K channel activator?
Diazoxid Minoxidil Pincidle Nicorandil Leakage of K do to relaxing SMCs
59
Vasodilator drugs are?
Arteriosclerosis:hydralazin | Artery-venular: sodium nitroproside
60
Thiazides diuretics side effect? And in which doses appear
``` Hypokalamia Hyperglycemia Hyperlipidemia Hyperurecemia Sudden cardiac death ``` In higher doses(50-100)
61
What is JNS recommendation of thiazides?
Therapy(12.5-25) Should use withK sparing diuretics I sever hypertensive we use(loop diuretics)
62
What is modified thiazides?
Indapmide: are long duration action(18 h) 2.5 mg It is lipid neuteria:not alter blood lipid concentration
63
Renin secret response to?
Decrease arterial blood pressure DecreaseNa in macula dense Increase sympathetic nerveuse activity
64
The most important angeotention 2?
Cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling | So we should give ACE inhibetre to avoid that
65
Capotopril half life is?
2 hours
66
Captopril and CO
Has no affect of CO
67
Enalapril half life
Long half life once daily use in chronic cases Absorption not effect by food عكس الثاني يكون يتأثر بالاكل
68
Ramipril ace inhabited?
Long half-life Tissue specific protective hear annd kidney Doses 2.5 to 10 mg Prodrug
69
Lisinopril ace inhibitor?
``` Lysin derivative No prodrug Not effected by food Not metabolised Slow absorption orally Once daily doses Long duration 1.25-2.5-5-10-20 start with low doses ```
70
Losartan ARB?
``` Block all action of A-2 No inhibition of ACE Long duration24hours Vasodilation Not effected by food Hig metabolism Don’t enter brain *highly bound to plasm protein ```

Pharmacology (2 decks)

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