Antihypertensive Agents Flashcards
(30 cards)
What is responsible for rapid, moment-to-moment adjustments in blood pressure? (Transition from reclining to upright position.
This is stimulated by stretch of the vessel walls brought about by internal pressure.
Baroreflexes
Carotid Baroreceptors
Primary responsible for long-term blood pressure control?
Kidney
During decrease pressure in renal arterioles as well as sympathetic neural activity will stimulate production of?
Which will subsequently increase production of what?
Renin
Angiotensin II
Angiotensin II causes what?
- Direct constriction of resistant vessels
- Stimulation of aldosterone synthesis in the adrenal cortex which increase renal sodium absorption and intravascular blood volume.
Vasopressin is released from?
Which play a role in?
Posterior Pituitary Gland
Maintaining blood pressure through its ability to regulate water reabsorption by the kidney.
What are the mode of action of the following anti hypertensive drugs:
DIURETICS
Lowers blood pressure by depleting the body of sodium and reducing blood volume and perhaps by other mechanisms.
**effective in lowering BP by 10-15mmHg
DIRECT VASODILATORS
Reduce pressure by relaxing vascular smooth muscle, thus dilating resistance vessels.
ACEi
Reduce peripheral vascular resistance and blood volume.
Most common adverse effect of diuretics?
Other side effects?
Potassium Depletion
-Increase uric acid concentrations,
Magnesium depletion,
Impair glucose tolerance,
Increase serum lipid concentration
CENTRALLY ACTING SYMPATHOPLEGIC DRUGS
Examples of this type of antihypertensive drug
METHYLDOPA
CLONIDINE
Methyldopa Use:
Aside from lowering blood pressure what else are the action of this drug?
- REDUCING PERIPHERAL VASCULAR RESISTANCE
- VARIABLE REDUCTION IN HEART RATE AND CARDIAC OUTPUT
**potential advantage is that it causes reduction in renal vascular resistance.
Most common undesirable effect of methyldopa
SEDATION
Clonidine Use:
Aside from BP lowering effects, what else are the action?
- REDUCTION OF CARDIAC OUTPUT DUE TO DECREASED HEART RATE
- RELAXATION OF CAPACITANCE VESSELS
- REDUCTION IN PVR
- *accompanied by decreased renal vasc. Resistance and maintenance of renal blood flow
- *reduces blood pressure in the supine position
Toxic effect of clonidine
DRY MOUTH AND SEDATION
**contraindicated to pts with risk of mental depression
BETA-BLOCKERS: PROPANOLOL
- This inhibits stimulation of what enzyme?
- True or False. Can be given with asthma?
- RENIN
2. FALSE. CAN CAUSE BRONCHIAL CONSTRICTION.
METOPROLOL & ATENOLOL
Are CARDIOSELECTIVE
Yes thats true hahaha 😜
Beta-blocker used in management of intraoperative and postoperative hypertension.
ESMOLOL
**administered by continuous IV infusion
ALPHA1 BLOCKERS:
Should be administered with what drug to prevent salt and water retention?
PRAZOSIN should be given with DIURETICS.
**beneficial for men with HPN+BPH
VASODILATORS:
True or False.
- Sodium Nitroprusside and the Nitrates relax veins.
- Cause orthostatic hypotension or sexual dysfunction.
- TRUE
2. TRUE. because sympathetic reflexes are intact.
Action of hydralazine in veins and arterioles
DILATES ARTERIOLES BUT NOT AFFECTS VEINS
At dose of 200mg/dl of hydralazine, what would likely happen?
LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS LIKE SYNDROME
Which vasodilator is avoided in patients with glaucoma?
FENOLDEPAM
**peripheral arteriolar dilator for hypertensive emergencies and postoperative hypertension.
In addition to antihypertensive effects of CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS, name 2 more actions of the drug.
ANTIANGINA
ANTIARRHYTHMIC
Renin acts upon angiotensinogen to split off inactive precursor DICAPEPTIDE ANGIOTENSIN I.
Angio I is converted to Angio II by what enzyme? And the latter converted to Angio III where?
- ENDOTHELIAL ACE
- ADRENAL GLAND
