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Pharm Test 4 > Antihypertensive Drugs > Flashcards

Antihypertensive Drugs Flashcards

(94 cards)

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1
Q

Hydralazine- Mech of Action

A

vasodilator

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2
Q

Hydralazine- Indication

A
  • resistant hypertension

- pregnancy induced hypertension

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3
Q

Chlorthalidone- Mech of Action

A
  • thiazide diuretic

- inhibits Na/Cl co-transporter in distal convoluted tubule

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4
Q

Chlorthalidone- Indication

A
  • 1st line drug in uncomplicated hypertension
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5
Q

Furosemide- Mech of Action

A

Loop diuretic

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6
Q

Furosemide- Indication

A
  • hypertension in severe renal insufficiency
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7
Q

Spironolactone- Mech of Action

A

aldosterone receptor antagonist

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8
Q

Spironolactone- Indication

A

used in combination with other antihypertensives that deplete K

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9
Q

Eplerenone- Mech of Action

A

aldosterone receptor blocker

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10
Q

Eplerenone- Indication

A

combination treatment of hypertension with drugs that deplete K

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11
Q

Triamterene- Mech of Action

A

ENaC inhibitor

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12
Q

Triamterene- Indication

A

in combination w/ diuretics to spare K loss

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13
Q

Amiloride- Mech of Action

A

ENaC blocker

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14
Q

Amiloride- Indication

A

in combination w/ diuretics to minimize K loss

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15
Q

Nifedipine- Mech of Action

A

Ca channel antagonist

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16
Q

Nifedipine- Indication

A
  • 1ST LINE DRUG IN HYPERTENSION, used in diabetes and hyperlipidemia
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17
Q

Diltiazem- Mech of Action

A

Ca channel antagonist

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18
Q

Diltiazem- Indication

A

1st line drug in chronic hypertension

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19
Q

Verapamil- Mech of Action

A

Ca channel antagonist

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20
Q

Verapamil- Indication

A

1st line drug in hypertension

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21
Q

Clonidine- Mech of Action

A

alpha2-agonist

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22
Q

Clonidine- Indication

A

chronic hypertension

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23
Q

Guanfacine- Mech of Action

A

alpha2-agonist

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24
Q

Guanfacine- Indication

A

hypertension, longer half-life= less chance of rebound compared to Clonidine

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25
Methyldopa- Mech of Action
alpha2-agonist
26
Methyldopa- Indication
hypertension in pregnancy
27
Reserpine- Mech of Action
depletes monoamine from storage vesicles
28
Reserpine- Indication
resistant hypertension
29
Phenoxybenzamine- Mech of Action
alpha-blocker
30
Phenoxybenzamine- Indication
prescription for pheochromocytoma before surgery
31
Prazosin- Mech of Action
alpha-blocker
32
Prazosin- Indication
- chronic hypertension | - benign prostatic hyperplasia
33
Terazosin- Mech of Action
alpha1-blocker
34
Terazosin- Indication
chronic hypertension
35
Doxazosin- Mech of Action
alpha1-blocker
36
Doxazosin- Indication
chronic hypertension
37
Propranolol- Mech of Action
beta-blocker
38
Propranolol- Indication
- hypertension w/ angina - adjunct to prevent tachycardia - MI - arrhythmia
39
Nadolol- Mech of Action
beta-blocker
40
Nadolol- Indication
- long-term angina - hypertension - longer 1/2 life than propranolol (=1/day dosing)
41
Pindolol- Mech of Action
beta-antagonist (w/ partial agonist activity), less bradycardia than other beta-blockers
42
Pindolol- Indication
chronic hypertension
43
Metoprolol- Mech of Action
Beta1-antagonist, somewhat lipophilic
44
Metoprolol- Indication
- hypertension | - long-term angina prescription
45
Atenolol- Mech of Action
Beta1-blocker, hydrophilic
46
Atenolol- Indication
- CHRONIC HYPERTENSION - angina - MI - arrhythmia - HF
47
Labetolol- Mech of Action
mixed alpha/beta receptor antagonist
48
Labetolol- Indication
chronic hypertension
49
Carvedilol- Mech of Action
mixed alpha/beta receptor blocker and NO generator
50
Carvedilol- Indication
- chronic hypertension | - CHF
51
Hydralazine- Mech of Action
vasodilator
52
Hydralazine- Indication
- resistant hypertension | - pregnancy induced hypertension
53
Minoxidil- Mech of Action
vasodilator
54
Minoxidil- Indication
resistant hypertension
55
Nitroprusside- Mech of Action
vasodilator
56
Nitroprusside- Indication
acute hypertensive crisis
57
Captopril- Mech of Action
ACE inhibitor
58
Captopril- Indication
- 1ST LINE DRUG IN CHRONIC HYPERTENSION | - used in HF, MI, and diabetes
59
Enalapril- Mech of Action
ACE inhibitor
60
Enalapril- Indication
- 1ST LINE DRUG IN CHRONIC HYPERTENSION, USED IN HF,
61
Lisinopril- Mech of Action
ACE inhibitor
62
Lisinopril- Indication
1st line drug in chronic hypertension
63
Losartan- Mech of Action
ARB
64
Losartan- Indication
1st line drug in chronic hypertension
65
Hydrocholorthiazide- Mech of Action
- thiazide diuretic | - inhibits Na/Cl co-transporter in distal convoluted tubule
66
Hydrocholorthiazide- Indication
- mild/moderate hypertension w/ normal cardiac/renal function - 1st line therapy for treatment of uncomplicated hypertension
67
Thiazide diuretics- Side Effects (hydrochlorothiazide, chlorthalidone)
``` HYPOKALEMIA HYPONATREMIA HYPERGLYCEMIA INCREASED LDL/HDL hyperuricemia impotence ```
68
Loop diuretics- Side Effects (furosemide)
``` OTOTOXICITY DEHYDRATION/HYPONATREMIA HYPKALEMIA IMPAIRED DIABETES CONTROL INCREASED LDL/HDL metabolic alkalosis hyperuricemia hypomagnesemia ```
69
Loop diuretics- Drug Interactions
NSAIDS | aminoglycosides
70
K-Sparing Diuretics- Side Effects (spironolactone, eplerenone)
hyperkalemia | gynecomastia (sironolactone)
71
K-Sparing Diuretics- Drug Interactions
NSAIDS ACE Inhibitors ARBs
72
K-Sparing Diuretics- Contraindications
RAS inhibitors
73
Nifedipine- Side Effects
ACUTE TACHYCARDIA headache peripheral edema flushing
74
Diltiazem- Side Effects
BRADYCARDIA dizziness headache edema
75
Verapamil- Side Effects
``` BRADYCARDIA CONSTIPATION dizziness headache edema ```
76
Clonidine- Side Effects
``` SEDATION DRY MOUTH REBOUND HYPERTENSION (if stopped too quickly) bradycardia dermatitis ```
77
Methyldopa- Side Effects
``` SEDATION nightmares movement disorders hyperprolactinemia anemia ```
78
Methyldopa- Drug Interactions
levodopa
79
Methyldopa- Contraindications
Liver Dx
80
Reserpine- Side Effects
``` DEPRESSION NASAL CONGESTION sedation diarrhea bradycardia ```
81
Reserpine- Drug Interactions
CNS depressant | MAOIs
82
Phenoxybenzamine- Side Effects
tachycardia
83
Prazosin- Side Effects
LESS TACHYCARDIA than direct vasodilators | HYPOTENSION (1st dose)
84
Beta-blockers- Side Effects
``` All: BRADYCARDIA INCREASED TRIGLYCERIDES DECREASED HDLS HYPERGLYCEMIA IMPAIRED EXERCISE TOLERANCE impotence ``` Non-Selective: INCREASED AIRWAY RESISTANCE ``` Lipophilic: INSOMNIA CHRONIC FATIGUE nightmares depression ```
85
Beta-Blockers- Drug Interactions
calcium channel blockers (reduced contractility and conduction)
86
Beta-Blocker- Contraindications
cardiogenic shock sinus bradycardia asthma severe heart failure
87
Hydralazine & Minoxidil- Side Effects
``` TACHYCARDIA ANGINA AGGRAVATION FLUID RETENTION HYPERTICHOSIS (minoxidil) nausea vomiting sweating flushing lupus-like symptoms NSAIDS CAN REDUCE EFFECTIVENESS ```
88
Nitroprusside- Side Effects
CYANIDE POISONING nausea vomiting muscle twitch
89
ACE Inhibitors- Side Effects
HYPERKALEMIA DRY COUGH rash angioedema
90
ACE Inhibitors- Drug Interactions
exacerbates hyperkalemic effect of K sparing drugs
91
ACE Inhibitors- Contraindications
- pregnancy | - bilateral renal stenosis
92
Losartan- Side Effects
hyperkalemia
93
Losartan- Contraindications
PREGNANCY, causes fetal renal failure in 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy
94
Losartan- Drug Interactions
K sparing drugs (exacerbates hyperkalemia)

Pharm Test 4 (6 decks)

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