Antihypertensives Flashcards
(24 cards)
What drug classes are considered to be 1st line antihypertensives?
ACEI, ARB, Non DHP-CCB, DHP-CCB, and Thiazide diuretics
What drug class is lisinopril
ACEI
What is the brand name of lisinopril
Prinivil, Zestril
How do ACEIs work?
inhibits angiotensin converting enzyme which prevents the stimulation of the angiotensin II receptor
What drug class is Valsartan?
ARB
What is the brand name of Valsartan?
Diovan
How do ARBs work?
Selective, reversible competitive antagonist of angiotensin II receptor.
What side effects/precautions are there to know about ACEI and ARBs?
ACEI’s and ARB’s are Pretty Helpful Drugs
A: Angioedema
A: Acute Kidney Injury
P: Pregnancy (avoid)
H: Hyperkalemia
D: Dizziness
*Note: ACEi also cause a dry cough: Give them an ACEI, they’ll cough in your face! *
What drug class is amlodipine?
Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (DHP CCBs)
What is the brand name of amlodipine?
Norvasc
How do DHP CCB work?
Inhibits calcium ions from entering slow channels of vascular smooth muscle during depolarization leading to vascular smooth muscle relaxation (vasodilation)
What side effects can DHP CCB cause?
Peripheral edema (swelling in legs/arms)
Pulmonary edema(swelling in lungs)
What counseling points are needed for DHP CCB?
Dizziness (worsens when dehydrated)
What type of drug is Diltiazem
Non Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (Non-DHP CCBs)
What is the brand name of Diltiazem?
Cardizem, Cartia XT, Dilacor XR, Dilt-XR, Taztia
XT, Tiazac
How does Diltiazem work?
Inhibits calcium ions from entering slow channels of vascular smooth muscle and myocardium during depolarization leading to vascular smooth muscle relaxation (vasodilation) and slows automaticity of the AV node (decreases heart rate)
What is a contraindication of Diltiazem?
2nd or 3rd degree Heart block
What side effects can Diltiazem cause?
Peripheral edema (swelling in legs/arms)
Pulmonary edema
Headache
Heart failure
Heart block
What type of drug is Chlorthalidone?
Thiazide diuretic
What is the brand name of chlorthalidone?
Hygroton, Thalitone
How do thiazide diuretics work?
Increases sodium (and therefore water) and chloride excretion by blocking reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron
What is the black box warning for thiazide diuretics?
Hypersensitivity to sulfonamides, anuria(lack of peeing)
What side effects do thiazide diuretics cause?
Dizziness, Hyperuricemia, and pancreatitis
What are the key counseling points of thiazide diuretics?
Take in the morning to avoid nocturia (urination overnight)
Dizziness (worsens when dehydrated)
