Antihypertensives Flashcards
(16 cards)
What are the 2 types of hypertension?
Essential (primary) hypertension 90%
- unknown cause
Secondary hypertension 10%
- known cause
What Rx/OTC can cause hypertension?
- NSAIDs
- estrogens (birth control)
- antidepressents
- cyclosporins
- amphetamines
- decreased compliance
What other conditions can cause hypertension?
- renal artery stenosis
- coarctation of aorta
- phaeochromocytoma, primary hyperaldosteronism
How do these things help with hypotension?
- increase Na
- increase afterload
- increase preload, inotropy, HR
- increases blood volume
- increases TPR
- increases CO
What are the non-pharms for the tx of hypertension?
- sodium restriction
- weight loss
- exercise
- alcohol (2 drinks a day could be beneficial)
- smoking cessation
- relaxation
Chronic increases in BP is usually caused by _____________________.
increased arterial resistance
Name 2 beta receptor antagonists
propranolol metoprolol (beta 1 selective)
When are beta adrenergic receptor antagonist used?
- used as a good second drug to decrease SNS activity
- not as single therapy in uncomplicated hypertension
- used in hypertension with other diseases
- given post-MI or post-heart failure
What are the problems of beta adrenergic receptors blockers?
- not metabolically neutral –> increase TGs, decrease HDLs
- avoid sudden withdrawal
- erectile dysfunction
- ## increased diabetes type 2 risk
What conditions should avoid beta blockers?
- COPD
- asthma
- peripheral vascular disease
- insulin dependant diabetes
- physically active people
What conditions are beta blockers useful for?
glaucoma supraventricular arrythmia heart failure MI angina
When is it okay to use a beta blocker in a pt with asthma?
- if they have suffered a MI or heart failure
- would use a beta 1 selective and monitor the asthma
What type of drug is Prazosin?
What does it do?
- alpha 1 blocker
- dilates veins and arteries (not used as single therapy)
- decreases insulin resistance
- useful in BPH (relaxes prostate around urethra)
- decreases nightmares in PTSD
What problems do alpha-1 blockers cause?
fluid retention in the long-term - give with a diuretic first dose causes huge decrease in BP orthostatic hypotension - since peripheral veins are open
What type of drug in clonadine?
What does it do?
- alpha-2 agonist
- acts on central vasomotor centers
- decreases SNA
Why do you need to monitor sodium nitroprusside so extensively?
It breaks down into cyanide and
