Antihypertensives

Question 1

Diuretics

Answer 1

Increases urine output
Lowers BP
(1st Line of defense)

Question 2

Types of Diuretics

Answer 2

Thiazide

Loop (Lasix)

Question 3

Side effects of Diuretics

Answer 3

N/V/D
Dehydration or fluid overload
Renal failure

Question 4

Nursing implications for Diuretics

Answer 4

• Monitor electrolytes
• Dont give at night
• I&Os and daily weight

Question 5

Adrenergic Drugs

Answer 5

Lowers fight or flight (SNS) response

Lowers BP

Question 6

Types of Adrenergic Drugs

Answer 6

• Alpha 2 Agonists
• Alpha 1 Blockers
• Beta Blockers
• Combo A1 & Beta Blockers

Question 7

Alpha 2 Agonists

Answer 7

Adrenergic Drug
Ex: Clonidine, Methyldopa
Stimulates A2 receptors to lower SNS & Vasodilate

Question 8

SNS

Answer 8

Fight or flight response

Question 9

Alpha 1 Blockers ‘sin’

Answer 9

Adrenergic Drug
Ex: Doxazosin, prazosin
Blocks A1 receptors
Increases urine

Question 10

Beta Blockers ‘lol’

Answer 10

Adrenergic Drug
Ex: Propranolol, metropolol
Lowers HR by blocking B1 receptors

Question 11

Combo A1 & Beta Blockers

Answer 11

Adrenergic Drug
Ex: Labetalol, Carvedol
Lowers HR, Vasodilation

Question 12

Side effects of Adrenergic Drugs

Answer 12

-Bradycardia
-Sexual dysfunction
-Dry mouth
-Edema
More adverse effects than other anti-HTN

Question 13

Nursing implications of Adrenergic drugs

Answer 13

• May interact with psych drugs
• Some used to treat BPH
• Dont give beta blockers to patients with COPD or asthma

Question 14

Ace Inhibitors ‘pril’

Answer 14

Blocks ACE (angiotension converting enzyme)
Blocks Na+ & H20 reabsorption
Blocks aldosterone
Increased urine, Lowers BP

Question 15

Examples of ace inhibitors

Answer 15

Captopril, enalapril

Question 16

Side effects of ace inhibitors

Answer 16

Dry cough

Headache

Question 17

Nursing implications of Ace inhibitors

Answer 17

• Give 1 hr before meal
• Most are prodrugs (need to be converted by the liver)
• Assess creatinine labs for renal failure

Question 18

ARBs

Answer 18

Blocks angiotension 2
Blocks Na+ & H20 reabsorption
Increased urine, Lowers BP

Question 19

Side effects of ARBs

Answer 19

Chest pain
Dry mouth
Fatigue

Question 20

Nursing implications of ARBs

Answer 20

Similar to ACE inhibitors

NOT kidney protective

Question 21

Calcium Channel Blockers (CCB’s)

Answer 21

Blocks calcium receptors
Lowers smooth muscle tone
Lowers BP
Treats angina and HTN
Dilates arteries=bloodflow to heart

Question 22

Side effects of CCBs

Answer 22

Headaches
Fatigue
Dsyrhythmias

Question 23

Nursing Implications of CCBs

Answer 23

Treat agina & HTN
Raynauds disease
Cerebral artery spasms

Question 24

What do hypertensives treat?

Answer 24

High blood pressure

Question 25

What does Vasoconstriction cause?

Answer 25

High BP

Question 26

What does Vasodilation cause?

Answer 26

Low BP

Question 27

Cardiac output

Answer 27

Amount of blood pumped by ventricle in 1 min

Question 28

Which population is at highest risk for hypertension?

Answer 28

African american males

Question 29

Stage 1 hypertension

Answer 29

130-139/80-89

Question 30

Stage 2 hypertension

Answer 30

>140/90

Question 31

Glomerular filtration rate

Answer 31

Volume of blood that passes through kidney/glomerulus in 1 minute Tells alot about kidney function, fluid balance, and indication of cardiac output

Question 32

Diuretics promotes..

Answer 32

Sodium and water excretion from the body

Question 33

Patient teaching regarding diuretics

Answer 33

Do not take hot showers Take in morning Take potassium supplement Foods high in potassium

Question 34

Important to assess pulse before giving this med

Answer 34

Beta blockers

Question 35

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 35

Involuntary; Body does this on its own

Question 36

Smooth muscle relaxes

Answer 36

Lowered BP

Question 37

Smooth muscle contraction

Answer 37

Raised BP

Question 38

Parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)

Answer 38

Stimulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands

Question 39

Sympathetic nervous system (SNS)

Answer 39

Stimulates the heart, blood vessels, skeletal muscle

Question 40

Used as last resort, unwanted side effects

Answer 40

Adrenergic drugs | clonidine and methyldopa

Question 41

Ace inhibitors cause..

Answer 41

Aldosterone to not be secreted

Question 42

Someone with liver dysfunction CANNOT have..

Answer 42

Prodrug | because they are converted by liver

Question 43

Patients with liver dysfunction should be on...

Answer 43

ACE inhibitors

Question 44

Which class of antihypertensives does not cause a dry cough

Answer 44

ARBs | Angiotensin II receptor blockers

Question 45

Angina

Answer 45

Chest pain