Antihypertensives Flashcards
(33 cards)
MOA thiazides
Prevent kidney sodium and water reabsorption at the distal tubule
Thiazide side effects
Hypo natremia, kalemia HYPERCALCEMIA HYPERURICEMIA HYPERGLYCEMIA *use caution with gout and DM pts
Thiazide indications
Uncomplicated hypertension
MOA Loop diuretics
Inhibits water transport across the loop of Henle which leads to increased excretion of sodium, chloride and potassium.
Side effects loop diuretics
Volume depletion Hypokalemia/natremia/calcemia HYPERGLYCEMIA OTOTOXICITY Contraindicated in those with sulfa allergy
Loop diuretics indications
HTN, CHF, Hypercalcemia
Examples of loop diuretics
Furosemide, Bumetanide
MOA ACEi
Decrease synthesis of AGII/aldosterone
Leads to decreased preload and afterload
Cardio and Reno protective
ACEi indications
HTN, especially if history of DM, nephropathy, post MI
ACEi side effects
1st dose hypotension Cough Angioedema *due to increase in bradykinin HYPERURICEMIA
True or false: ACEi and diuretics have a synergistic effect
True
What are the two classes of CCB and what is the difference?
Dihydropyridines (amplodipine, nifedipine): vasodilation only
Non-dihydropryidines (verapemil, diltiazam): vasodilation and increase cardiac contractility/conduction
Indication for dihydropryadine
HTN
Indication for non-dihydropyridine
HTN with A-fib
CCB indications
HTN, Raynauds, angina
Contraindication for CCB
CHF, 2nd/3rd degree heart block
CCB side effects
Headache Dizziness Lightheaded Flushing Edema
Beta blocker MOA
Blocks adrenergic renin release
BB indications
HTN, especially if history of tachycardia and MI
ANGINA
acute MI
ESSENTIAL TREMOR
BB side effects
Fatigue
Depression
Impotence
Masks symptoms of hypoglycemia
CI of BB
2nd or 3rd degree heart block Asthma/COPD (nonselective agents) Hypotension Pulse <50 Raynauds
Classes of BB and examples
- Cardioselective (B1): atenolol, metoprolol
, esmolol - Nonselective (B1, B2): propranolol
- Both alpha 1 and B1, B2: labetalol, carvedilol
Choice treatment for uncomplicated HTN in non-AA?
Thiazide diuretics
Choice treatment for a-fib
BB or non-dihydropyridines (verapamil)
