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PHARMACOLOGY > ANTIINFECTIVES > Flashcards

ANTIINFECTIVES Flashcards

1
Q

AMINOGLYCOSIDES ( GANTS)

A

gram negative bacteria

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2
Q

Gentamicin (Garamycin)

A

AMINOGLYCOSIDES

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3
Q

AMINOGLYCOSIDES ( GANTS)

A

Bactericidal

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4
Q

Amikacin (Amikin)

A

AMINOGLYCOSIDES

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5
Q

Tobramycin (Tobrex)

A

AMINOGLYCOSIDES

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6
Q

Streptomycin

A

AMINOGLYCOSIDES

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7
Q

CEPHALOSPORINS

A

Bactericidal & Bacteriostatic

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8
Q

CEPHALOSPORINS Related to

A

Penicillin (PCN)

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9
Q

CEPHALOSPORINS

A

Ok to give with Aldactone (Spironolactone)

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10
Q

CEPHALOSPORINS

A

Antabuse-like effects

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11
Q

Cefadroxil

A

1st gen

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12
Q

Cefaclor

A

2nd Gen

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13
Q

Cefixime

A

3rd Gen

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14
Q

Cefepime

A

4th Gen

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15
Q

Ceftriaxone

A

3rd Gen

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16
Q

Cefalexin

A

1st Gen

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17
Q

Cefuroxime

A

2nd Gen

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18
Q

Cefquinome

A

4th Gen

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19
Q

Ceftobiprole

A

5th Gen

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20
Q

Ceftolozane

A

5th Gen

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21
Q

Cefdinir

A

3rd Gen

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22
Q

Cefodizine

A

3rd Gen

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23
Q

Ceftibuten

A

3rd Gen

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24
Q

Cefpirome

A

4th Gen

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25
Q

Cefazolin

A

1st Gen

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26
Q

Cefazedone

A

1st Gen

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27
Q

Cefprozil

A

2nd Gen

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28
Q

Cefotetan

A

2nd Gen

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29
Q

Cephapirin

A

1st Gen

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30
Q

Cefmetazole

A

2nd Gen

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31
Q

Ceftaroline

A

5th Gen

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32
Q

Cefatoxime

A

3rd Gen

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33
Q

Cefdinir Moxalactam

A

3rd Gen

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34
Q

FLUOROQUINOLONES ( CLONG)

A

Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic

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35
Q

FLUOROQUINOLONES ( CLONG) against

A

gram negative bacteria

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36
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A

FLUOROQUINOLONES

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37
Q

Levofloxacin

A

FLUOROQUINOLONES

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38
Q

Levaquin

A

Levofloxacin

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39
Q

Not given coffee

A

Ciprofloxacin

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40
Q

Oflocacin

A

FLUOROQUINOLONES

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41
Q

Norfloxacin

A

FLUOROQUINOLONES

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42
Q

Gatifloxacin ( Tequin)

A

FLUOROQUINOLONES

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43
Q

“Floxacin” - most of the time

A

FLUOROQUINOLONES

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44
Q

Increase Theophylline level
● NSAIDs: Increased risk of CNS Stimulation
○ Paradoxical effect
○ Instead of decreased pain, you will be very
stimulated

A

FLUOROQUINOLONES

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45
Q

“-ithromycin”

A

MACROLIDES

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46
Q

MACROLIDES

A

Bactericidal, Bacteriostatic

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47
Q

Usually enteric coated

A

MACROLIDES

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48
Q

ADVERSE EFFECTS: Photosensitivity

A

FLUOROQUINOLONES ( CLONG)

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49
Q

Dirithromycin

A

MACROLIDES

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50
Q

Azithromycin

A

MACROLIDES

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51
Q

Clarithromycin

A

MACROLIDES

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52
Q

Erythromycin

A

MACROLIDES

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53
Q

Avoid IM administration

A

Erythromycin

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54
Q

3 stages of Liver Damage

A

Fatty liver -> Liver fibrosis ( reversible) -> liver cirrhosis ( irreversible)

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55
Q

DRUG TO DRUG INTERACTION/ These Drugs Can Interact ● Theophylline ( Theodur)
○ Not widely used anymore. A very strong brochodilator but it can impact your cardio -> tachycardia, hypertension
● Digoxin ( Lanoxin)
○ Heart failure
● Coumadin ( warfarin sodium)
○ Anticoagulant, blood thinner

A

MACROLIDES

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56
Q

Similar to Macrolides in terms of coverage

A

LINCOSAMIDES

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57
Q

Associated with severe toxicity
○ Not widely used

A

LINCOSAMIDES

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58
Q

Clindamycin ( Dalacin C)

A

LINCOSAMIDES

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59
Q

Lincomycin

A

LINCOSAMIDES

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60
Q

Pirlimycin

A

LINCOSAMIDES

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61
Q

MONOBACTAM ANTIBIOTIC

A

Bactericidal

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62
Q

MONOBACTAM ANTIBIOTIC effective against?

A

gram negative enterobacteria

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63
Q

Used for patients allergic to PCN or Cephalosporins

A

MONOBACTAM ANTIBIOTIC

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64
Q

Aztreonam ( Azactam)

A

MONOBACTAM

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65
Q

“-cillin”

A

PENICILLIN

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66
Q

Beta-lactams, Miracle drug

A

PENICILLIN

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67
Q

PENICILLIN

A

Bactericidal

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68
Q

PENICILLIN effective against?

A

gram positive bacteria

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69
Q

Carbenicillin ( Geocillin)

A

Extended Spectrum Penicillin

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70
Q

Amoxicillin ( Amoxil, Himox)

A

Extended Spectrum Penicillin

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71
Q

Ticarcillin ( Ticar)

A

Extended Spectrum Penicillin

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72
Q

Ampicillin ( Pensyn)

A

Extended Spectrum Penicillin

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73
Q

Dicloxacillin

A

Penicillinase Resistant Antibiotics

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74
Q

Oxacillin ( Prostaphillin)

A

Penicillinase Resistant Antibiotics

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75
Q

Nafcillin Na

A

Penicillinase Resistant Antibiotics

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76
Q

give 2 hrs minimum apart ( longer the better)

A

Carbeniccilin & Gentamicin

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77
Q

Bacteria produce enzymes capable of destroying PCNS

A

Penicillinase or Beta-lactamases

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78
Q

Clavulanic Acid

A

PENICILLINASE RESISTANT ANTIBIOTICS

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79
Q

Tazobactam

A

PENICILLINASE RESISTANT ANTIBIOTICS

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80
Q

Sulbactam

A

PENICILLINASE RESISTANT ANTIBIOTICS

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81
Q

Ampicillin and sulbactam

A

Unasyn

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82
Q

Amoxicillin and Clavulanic Acid

A

Augmentin, Co-Amoxyclav

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83
Q

Ticarcillin and Clavulanic Acid

A

Timentin

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84
Q

Piperacillin + Tazobactam

A

Zosyn, PipTazo

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85
Q

SIDE EFFECTS
Gray Baby Syndrome
○ Occurs in newborn infants with underdeveloped liver
○ Hypotension, cyanosis

A

CHLORAMPHENICOL

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86
Q

DRUG TO DRUG INTERACTIONS
● Decreased secretion of Methotrexate ( anticancer)
● Tetracycline, Chloramphenicol
○ Decrease PCN action

A

PENICILLINASE RESISTANT ANTIBIOTICS

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87
Q

WHAT IF PATHOGEN IS RESISTANT TO PENICILLIN?

A

Also resistant to Cephalosporins

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88
Q

LAST RESORT
○ Given via slow IV infusion ( 2hr and 45 mins infusion) = shortest is 1 hr and 30 mins
○ Rapid infusion
■ Lead to Red Man Syndrome or Red Neck
Syndrome

A

Vancomycin

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89
Q

CHLORAMPHENICOL

A

Treatment for severe infection caused by bacteria that are not sensitive to any other antibiotics. LAST APPROACH

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90
Q

“-xazole”

A

SULFONAMIDES

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91
Q

CHLORAMPHENICOL

A

Bacteriostatic

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92
Q

SULFONAMIDES

A

Bacteriostatic

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93
Q

SULFONAMIDES Effective against

A

gram negative and gram positive bacteria,

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94
Q

Given on empty stomach with full glass of water

A

Cotrimoxazole

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95
Q

Inhibit folic acid synthesis

A

Cotrimoxazole

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96
Q

Sulfacetamide
Sulfadiazine
Sulfadoxine
Sulfamethizole
Sulfamethoxazole
Sulfanilamide
Sulfasalazin

A

Cotrimoxazole

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97
Q

“Cycline” - majority

A

TETRACYCLINES

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98
Q

Acne Treatment

A

TETRACYCLINES

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99
Q

NOT USE in children under 8 years

A

TETRACYCLINES

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100
Q

Potential bone, teeth damage ( Tetracycline)

A

Enamel hypoplasia

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101
Q

A medical emergency because it causes sloughing, or degradation of the epidermis and dermis

A

Steven Johnson Syndrome

102
Q

Oxytetracycline ( Terramycin)

A

Tetracycline

103
Q

Doxycyline ( Doxin)

A

Tetracycline

104
Q

Minocycline ( Minocin)

A

Tetracycline

105
Q

Minocycline ( Minocin)

A

Tetracycline

106
Q

Allocated for serious infection. Last approach
● Bactericidal
● Broad spectrum, Used for serious life treatening Gram positive, negative infections

A

CARBAPENEMS

107
Q

Imipinem - cilastatin ( Tienam)

A

CARBAPENEMS

108
Q

Meropenem ( Meronem)

A

CARBAPENEMS

109
Q

Ertapenem ( Invanz)

A

CARBAPENEMS

110
Q

ANTIMYCOBACTERIALS

A

Bactericidal

111
Q

Hold stain even in presence of Destaining
○ “ Acid fast bacilli” ( AFB)

A

Mycobacteria

112
Q

Isoniazid ( INH) + B6

A

ANTI TB DRUGS ( ANTI-KOCH) ( FRONTLINERS)

113
Q

Rifampicin

A

ANTI TB DRUGS ( ANTI-KOCH) ( FRONTLINERS)

114
Q

Peripheral Neuropathies, Hepatoxic

A

Isoniazid ( INH) + B6

115
Q

Alters DNA, RNA Activity

A

Rifampicin

116
Q

Side effect:
■ Orange Colored output, fever jaundice,
RUQ pain

A

Rifampicin

117
Q

Ethambutol

A

ANTI TB DRUGS ( ANTI-KOCH) ( FRONTLINERS)

118
Q

Inhibits cellular metabolism

A

Ethambutol

119
Q

Side effect:
■ Optic neuritis (color blindness)

A

Ethambutol

120
Q

Pyrazibamide ( PZA)

A

ANTI TB DRUGS ( ANTI-KOCH) ( FRONTLINERS)

121
Q

Pyrazibamide ( PZA) is a what type of antibiotic?

A

Bactericidal, Bacteriostatic

122
Q

Nephrotoxicity, hepatoxic

A

Streptomycin

123
Q

Dapsone

A

ANTI LEPROSY

124
Q

Rifampicin

A

ANTI LEPROSY

125
Q

Clofazimine (Lamprene)

A

ANTI LEPROSY

126
Q

Thalidomide

A

ANTI LEPROSY

127
Q

inhibits folate synthesis

A

Dapsone

128
Q

WiIl discolor your body fluids

A

Rifampicin

129
Q

Tx of P. carinii pneumonia (AIDS)

A

Dapsone

130
Q

Type of pneumonia that you can see only in people with very down immune system, that’s why we see it only with people with AIDS

A

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia

131
Q

Binds to bacterial DNA sites & causes cell death

A

Clofazimine (Lamprene)

132
Q

Supposedly to be an antiemetic but it causes a lot of deformity in unborn children. So when they were born, they have deformed extremities
■ Teratogenic medication

A

Thalidomide

133
Q

Tx of erythema nodosum leprosum

A

Thalidomide

134
Q

Rifampicin, INH →

A

liver toxicity

135
Q

Take combination of Anti-Tb early AM with an?

A

EMPTY STOMACH ( UPON WAKING UP)

136
Q

are loner; they cannot be mixed with any other medication

A

Ciprofloxacin

137
Q

any medication that you mixed with it, other medication will not be absorbed

A

Antacids

138
Q

Most of the time a GI GU or blood infection

A

VRE (Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus)

139
Q

initially happening as a skin infection and eventually it will come like a pneumonia, but we can have a GI
GU and blood infection as well
○ When you have it, in 24 hours, it will reach your respiratory system

A

MRSA (Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus).

140
Q

Not that common like VRE and MRSA
○ Usually in septic conditions; usually blood infection
○ Resistant to penicillin

A

ESBL (Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamases)

141
Q

If they are resistant to more than 2 drugs

A

MDRO (Multiple Drug Resistant Organism)

142
Q

One of the opportunistic infection that usually
happen when the patient is in the hospital for more
than 1-2 weeks already
○ s/sx is usually explosive diarrhea
○ Taking anti-suppressive and anti-infectives for an extended period of time
○ Given yogurt and yakult
■ It has lactobacillus

A

C. Diff (Clostridium Difficile)

143
Q

Hard to control
○ Only few antiinfective is able to control it
○ It has the same behavior as the buckholderia cepacia and similar with MRSA

A

Acinebacter baumanii

144
Q

Very good in controlling superbug infection

A

Linezolid (Zyvox) 2000

145
Q

More affordable than linezolid
○ IV infusion for 30 mins
○ Can cause bloody diarrhea
○ Note for pseudomembranous colitis

A

Daptomycin (Cubicin) 2003

146
Q

VRE

A

contact isolations

147
Q

MRSA

A

contact isolations, droplet isolation

148
Q

ESBL

A

droplet isolation

149
Q

MDRO

A

contact isolation

150
Q

Buckholderia Cepacia

A

contact isolation as well, unless is pneumonia so we do the droplet isolation

151
Q

*New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase (NDM-1)

A

droplet isolation

152
Q

MersCov (Middle Eastern CoronaVirus)

A

droplet isolation

153
Q

Amantadine

A

AGENTS FOR INFLUENZA, RESPIRATORY VIRUSES

154
Q

Ribavirin

A

AGENTS FOR INFLUENZA, RESPIRATORY VIRUSES

155
Q

Rimantadine

A

AGENTS FOR INFLUENZA, RESPIRATORY VIRUSES

156
Q

oseltamivir (Tamiflu)

A

AGENTS FOR INFLUENZA, RESPIRATORY VIRUSES

157
Q

zanamivir (Relenza)

A

AGENTS FOR INFLUENZA, RESPIRATORY VIRUSES

158
Q

Remdesivir

A

AGENTS FOR INFLUENZA, RESPIRATORY VIRUSES

159
Q

No longer being used because it has a lot of interaction with any other med, instead it is being used for multiple sclerosis to decrease or relieve fatigue

A

Amantadine

160
Q

Antiviral medication that is used in your AH1N1

A

oseltamivir (Tamiflu)

161
Q

Adjunct tx to AH1N1

A

zanamivir (Relenza)

162
Q

One of the antiviral medication that is able to manage COVID19

A

Remdesivir

163
Q

Most of the time the sores are in the oral cavity in the lip area and commonly last for a
few days. Usually goes away within less than 1 week

A

Herpes type 1

164
Q

usually the sores are in the genitalia

A

Herpes type 2

165
Q

mild illness → serious congenital defects

A

CMV (cytomegalovirus)

166
Q

Acyclovir (Zovirax)

A

AGENTS FOR HERPES & CYTOMEGALOVIRUS (CMV)

167
Q

Cidofovir

A

AGENTS FOR HERPES & CYTOMEGALOVIRUS (CMV)

168
Q

Famciclovir

A

AGENTS FOR HERPES & CYTOMEGALOVIRUS (CMV)

169
Q

Foscarnet

A

AGENTS FOR HERPES & CYTOMEGALOVIRUS (CMV)

170
Q

Rimantadine/Amantadine

A

AGENTS FOR HERPES & CYTOMEGALOVIRUS (CMV)

171
Q

Ganciclovir

A

AGENTS FOR HERPES & CYTOMEGALOVIRUS (CMV)

172
Q

Valacyclovir

A

AGENTS FOR HERPES & CYTOMEGALOVIRUS (CMV)

173
Q

Retrovirus attacks helper T cells (CD4) >= cell entry

A

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

174
Q

are security guards on
the cell surface and usually where the virus will be trying to gain entry in order to attack the security guard,

A

CD4 and CD8

175
Q

converts RNA to 2 stranded DNA >= cell replication

A

Retrovirus’ reverse transcriptase

176
Q

Emergence of opportunistic infections and cancers
secondary to compromised immune system ( low CF4). Cluster of differentiation 4 = 200 below

A

AIDS-Related Complex ( ARC)

177
Q

Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/ Nucleoside/Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors ( NRTIS)

A

AGENTS FOR HIV AND AIDS ( ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS)

178
Q

Protease Inhibitors

A

AGENTS FOR HIV AND AIDS ( ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS)

179
Q

Nucleosides

A

AGENTS FOR HIV AND AIDS ( ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS)

180
Q

Antiretrovirus Agents

A

AGENTS FOR HIV AND AIDS ( ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS)

181
Q

Chemokine coreceptor antagonists ( CCR5 antagonists)

A

AGENTS FOR HIV AND AIDS ( ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS)

182
Q

Fusion Inhibitor

A

AGENTS FOR HIV AND AIDS ( ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS)

183
Q

Integrase strand transfer inhibitors ( INSTIs)

A

AGENTS FOR HIV AND AIDS ( ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS)

184
Q

Viral past through host cell membrane

A

Fusion Inhibitors

185
Q

Bind at position distant from active sites of RT

A

NNRTIs

186
Q

Completely inhibit reverse transcriptase

A

NRTIs

187
Q

Hiv fusion to host cells

A

CCR5 antagonists

188
Q

Hiv formation

A

Protease inhibitor

189
Q

HIV integration into host genomes

A

Integrase inhibitors

190
Q

as more effectivity and less in adverse effect. It is a combination of tenofovir and and emtricitabine. This are your antiviral medications.

A

Truvada

191
Q

A once-daily prescription for adults and adolescents
at risk of HIV who weigh at least 77 pounds. It helps lower the chance of getting HIV through sex. You must be negative before and while taking TRUVADA for PrEP. Because if it is positive, it can no longer be effective.

A

TRUVADA for PrEP

192
Q

Will be indicative of your immune system. The lower
it is, then most likely you will get into AIDS

A

T cell count

193
Q

Fungal is a very common infection
● The common denominator is that it take a while before it goes
away because of their

A

Ergosterol

194
Q

Steroid-type CHON in cell membrane of fungi

A

Ergosterol

195
Q

Cellular organism with HARD CELL WALL

A

Fungus

196
Q

Disease caused by fungus

A

Mycosis

197
Q

Toxic to host

A

SYSTEMIC ANTIFUNGALS

198
Q

Systemic antifungals inhibit?

A

CP450 enzyme

199
Q

a thickened layer that usually be doing/ responsible for the drug metabolism. If this one will be inhibited, a lot of drug toxicity will be happening

A

CP450 enzyme

200
Q

Shake and bake medication

A

Amphotericin B ( Fungisone)

201
Q

Give antihistamine and antipyretic 30 mins to 1hr _______ we give the amphotericin B in order to decrease the fever and chills.

A

before

202
Q

Given for vaginal fungal infection most of the time

A

Fluconazole ( Diflucan)

203
Q

Amphotericin B ( Fungisone)

A

SYSTEMIC ANTIFUNGALS

204
Q

Fluconazole ( Diflucan)

A

SYSTEMIC ANTIFUNGALS

205
Q

Flucystosine

A

SYSTEMIC ANTIFUNGALS

206
Q

Ketoconazole ( Nizoral)

A

SYSTEMIC ANTIFUNGALS

207
Q

Itraconazole ( Sporanox)

A

SYSTEMIC ANTIFUNGALS

208
Q

Miconazole

A

SYSTEMIC ANTIFUNGALS

209
Q

Nystatin ( mycostatin)

A

SYSTEMIC ANTIFUNGALS

210
Q

Very good for oral candidiasis. Oral fungal infection
or oral thrush ( down immune system)

A

Nystatin ( mycostatin)

211
Q

Usually yellow and kinda thick and then you
swish it like a gargle for around 30 seconds to 1 minute for oral purposes because they have an oral thrush for local effect and then swallow it for systemic effect.

A

SS ( swish and swallow)

212
Q

You gargle the medication for 30 seconds
to one minute and you spit it out on the kidney basin. Local effect only

A

SS ( swish and pit)

213
Q

Athlete’s foot ( Tinea Pedis)

A

Tinea

214
Q

Jock itch ( Tinea Crusis) = groin area

A

Tinea

215
Q

Treatment for Tinea?

A

Terbinafien ( Lamisil)

216
Q

Elderly patients
○ Thickening of the great toe
○ Painless, pulverizes

A

Tinea ungum ( toenails)

217
Q

Treatment for Tinea ungum ( toenails)

A

Itraconazole ( sporanox); Nizoral tabs

218
Q

Oral yeast infections ( Thrush) and Vagina

A

Moniliasis/Candida

219
Q

Moniliasis/Candida Treatment

A

Hair Fungal
■ Nizoral Shampoo

220
Q

Single-celled organism passes thru several stages in its life cycle + one phase as a human parasite

A

Protozoa

221
Q

By bite of Anopheles Mosquito
○ Lead to fever, chills that can cause RBC destruction -> death

A

Malaria

222
Q

Macrophages destruction -> serious skin lesions

A

Leishmaniasis

223
Q

Amebiasis ( Amebic dysentery)

A

GI infection by Entamoeba Histolyca
○ Via contaminated food, H2O
○ Causes a lot of GI erosions + Tissue distruction
○ Via feces

224
Q

GI infection that causes diarrhea, “rotten egg” stool
-> malnourished

A

Giardiasis

225
Q

Vaginal itching + yellow-green drainage

A

Trichomoniasis

226
Q

Metronidazole

A

ANTIPROTOZOAL AGENTS

227
Q

Atovaquone ( Mepron)

A

ANTIPROTOZOAL AGENTS

228
Q

Tinidazole ( Tindamax)

A

ANTIPROTOZOAL AGENTS

229
Q

Treatment for amebiasis, trichomoniasis, giardiasis

A

Metronidazole

230
Q

Treatment of P. Carinii

A

Atovaquone ( Mepron)

231
Q

Treatment of trichomoniasis, giardiasis, amebiasis

A

Tinidazole ( Tindamax)

232
Q

From a bite of the mosquito
● are specifically designed to treat malaria, a parasitic infection
transmitted by mosquitoes.

A

ANTIMALARIALS

233
Q

Quinines

A

ANTIMALARIALS

234
Q

Mefloquine ( lariam): prophylaxis

A

ANTIMALARIALS

235
Q

chinchonism

A

Too much quinines in your system

236
Q

Treatment for acute malaria

A

Quinines

237
Q

Used before, during, after visit to malarial infested country
● Can be used as prophylaxis as well

A

Chloroquine ( Aralen)

238
Q

Worm causing disease invading human body

A

HELMINTH

239
Q

Pinworm, whipworm, threadworm, Ascaris, or hookworm
● One of the complications if di nag deworming

A

NEMATODE ( ROUNDWORM)

240
Q

Tapeworm
● With head + segmented body parts
● Growing to several yards in human intestine
● Big tummy but very skinny

A

CESTODE

241
Q

Ingestion of rounworm larvae in undercooked pork
○ Larvae invade muscle, nervous tissue ( muscle
biopsy)

A

Trichinosis

242
Q

Blood and tissues infection of by worm embryos by
biting insects
○ Affects lymphatic system
○ Cause massive inflammatory reactions
○ Severe swelling of hands, feet, legs, arms, scrotum or
breast

A

Filariasis

243
Q

Oxamniquine

A

ANTHELMINTHICS

244
Q

Praziquantel

A

ANTHELMINTHICS

245
Q

Blood infection carried by a snail
○ Common: tropical countries
○ Larvae burrow into skin in fresh water
○ > = migrate throughout human body
○ > = rash + symptoms of diarrhea, liver, brain
inflammation

A

Schistosomiasis

246
Q

Ivermectin

A

ANTHELMINTHICS

247
Q

Albendazole ( Albenza)

A

ANTHELMINTHICS

248
Q

Mebendazole ( Vermox)

A

ANTHELMINTHICS

249
Q

Pyrantel ( Pin X)

A

ANTHELMINTHICS

250
Q

Thiabendazole

A

ANTHELMINTHICS

PHARMACOLOGY (1 decks)

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