Antimicro mech

Question 1

Complex with PBP, _ transpeptidase: _ cross-linking of peptidoglycans: _ cell wall synthesis

Answer 1

Penicillin G; Penicillin V

Question 2

_ transpeptidase _ _ cell wall synthesis; bulky side group to stop _penicillinases

Answer 2

Oxacillin; Dicloxacillin; Nafcillin (Cloxacillin, Methicillin)

Question 3

Hydrophilic amino group _ encanced ability to pass through porins _ confers greater Gram negative activity. _ cell wall synthesis

Answer 3

Ampicillin; Amoxicillin

Question 4

Carboxypenicillin: carboxyl R group allows penetration of porins in G(-) outer memb, _transpeptidase, _cell wall synthesis

Answer 4

Piperacillin; (Ticarcillin; Azlocillin; Carbencillin)

Question 5

Suicide inhibitor, binds to and inactivates _ _-Lactamase

Answer 5

Zosyn (Piperacillin + Tazobactam); Augmentin (Amoxicillin + Clavulanate)

Question 6

Bacteriocidal: bind and for complex with PBP, _ transpeptidase: _ cross-linking of peptidoglycans: _ cell wall synthesis; relatively resistant to most (not all) _-Lactamases; Resistance via Transpeptidase mutations, _-Lactamases (esp in G-), Enterococci inherently resistant to cephaosporins

Answer 6

Cefazolin; Cephalexin

Question 7

Bacteriocidal: bind and for complex with PBP, _ transpeptidase: _ cross-linking of peptidoglycans: _ cell wall synthesis; relatively resistant to most (not all) _-Lactamases; Resistance via Transpeptidase mutations, _-Lactamases (esp in G-), Enterococci inherently resistant to cephaosporins

Answer 7

Cefuroxime (IV); [Cefaclor (PO), Cefuroxime (PO)]

Question 8

Bacteriocidal: bind and for complex with PBP, _ transpeptidase: _ cross-linking of peptidoglycans: _ cell wall synthesis; relatively resistant to most (not all) _-Lactamases; Resistance via Transpeptidase mutations, _-Lactamases (esp in G-), Enterococci inherently resistant to cephaosporins

Answer 8

Ceftazadime (IV); Cefpodoxime (PO); Ceftriaxone (IV)

Question 9

Bacteriocidal: bind and for complex with PBP, _ transpeptidase: _ cross-linking of peptidoglycans: _ cell wall synthesis; relatively resistant to most (not all) _-Lactamases; Resistance via Transpeptidase mutations, _-Lactamases (esp in G-), Enterococci inherently resistant to cephaosporins

Answer 9

Cefepime

Question 10

Complex with PBP, _ transpeptidase: _ cross-linking of peptidoglycans: _ cell wall synthesis; Highly resistant to _-Lactamases; Broadest Spectrum of Activity of all antibacterials

Answer 10

Imipenem (given w/ Cilastin)

Question 11

_ transpeptidase: _ cell wall synthesis, unique peptidoglycan targets, resistant to _-Lactamases

Answer 11

Aztreonam

Question 12

Binds rapidly and irreversibly to the D-alanyl-D-alanine muramyl pentapeptide of cell wall precursors _ _ polymerization of peptidoglycans

Answer 12

Vancomycin

Question 13

Penetrates bacterial cell wall, forming a channel for subsequent leakage of intracellular ions

Answer 13

Daptomycin

Question 14

Cationic detergents _ Distortion of the membrane lipid structure, _ permeability to polar molecules, via channel

Answer 14

Colistin (Polymyxin E); Polymyxin B

Question 15

Inhibits _DNA gyrase (Topo II) (supercoiling control), and _Topoisomerase IV (untangling daughter Chr), traps enzyme on DNA

Answer 15

Ciprofloxacin; (Lomefloxaci, Norfloxacin, Oflaxacin)

Question 16

Inhibits _DNA gyrase (Topo II) (supercoiling control), and _Topoisomerase IV (untangling daughter Chr), traps enzyme on DNA

Answer 16

Levofloxacin

Question 17

Reductive bioactivation via ferredoxins (in anaerobic bacteria, some protozoa) cytotoxic free radicals react with & damages DNA, protein, or bacterial membranes

Answer 17

Metronidazole

Question 18

Inhibits _ RNA Polymerase _ _ mRNA transcription; resistance: RNA poly (_) mutation

Answer 18

Rifampin

Question 19

O2-dependent uptake (anaerobes innately resistant); binds 30S ribosome _ premature termination, mistranslation (bacteriacidal), _ initiation of translation

Answer 19

Gentamicin; Tobramycin; (Neomycin, Streptomycin; Amikacin)

Question 20

Reversibly binds 30S Ribosome Subunit: block access of _aminoacyl tRNA to its codon (bacteriostatic); imported via energy-dependent active transport lacking in humans

Answer 20

Doxycycline; (Tetracycline, Minocycline, Dmeclocycline, Tigecycline)

Question 21

Binds 50S Ribosome at A site _blocking _peptidyl transferase _peptide bond synthesis

Answer 21

Clindamycin

Question 22

Reversibly binds 50S subunit _ _translocation via interference with tRNA release; unrelated -agonist at Motilin R. _ _ GI Motility; Resistance via methylation of tRNA

Answer 22

Azithromycin (Z pack); (Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Telithromycin)

Question 23

Binds 50S Ribosome and inhibits _ peptidyl transferase

Answer 23

Linezolid

Question 24

Binds 50S Ribosome and inhibits _ amino-acyl tRNA interaction with acceptor site

Answer 24

Quinupristin-Dalfopristin

Question 25

Folic Acid analogue, inhibits DiHydroFolate Reductase _DHFR _(DHF _ THF), _bacterial recycling of folate, _Purines, AA synthesis

Answer 25

Trimethoprim

Question 26

PABA analogue, competitively _ dihydropteric synthetase _(PABA _DHF) _DNA synthesis, selective (humans lack de novo folate)

Answer 26

Sulfamethoxazole

Question 27

Prodrug, activated by catalase-peroxidase (KatG) _INH binds enol-ocyl reductase (InhA), _ disrupting _mycolic acid synthesis

Answer 27

Isoniazid (INH)

Question 28

Prodrug; activated by PZase_ pyrazinoic acid_ inhibits mycobacterial fatty acid synthetase I _ _C16, C24 FA, required for mycolic acid synthesis

Answer 28

Pyrazinamide

Question 29

Inhibits _ arabinosyl transferases (EmbAB) _ cell wall biosynthesis (arabingalactan)

Answer 29

Ethambutol

Question 30

Phosphorylated acycloGMP via viral Thymidine Kinase. acycloGTP _ Chain terminator (no 3'OH) & _viral DNA polymerase inhibitor

Answer 30

Acyclovir

Question 31

Triphosphate form _ Chain terminator & _viral DNA polymerase inhibitor.

Answer 31

Ganciclovir

Question 32

Inhibits _viral DNA polymerase without need for activation; also _RNA polymerase inhibition

Answer 32

Foscarnet

Question 33

Prevent viral release from host cells

Answer 33

Oseltamivir; (Zanamivir)

Question 34

Thymidine analog, tri-phosphorylated by viral enzymes, inhibits HIV's _reverse transcriptase _chain termination; blocks spread of infection; Resitance via mutations in RT

Answer 34

Zidovudine (AZT, ZDV, Azidothymidine)

Question 35

Thymidine analog, tri-phosphorylated by viral enzymes, inhibits HIV's _reverse transcriptase _chain termination; blocks spread of infection; Resitance via mutations in RT

Answer 35

Lamivudine; (Emtricitabine)

Question 36

High affinity, binds (not at catalytic site), _ inhibits HIV's RT do not require metabolic activation

Answer 36

Efavirenz; (Nevirapine, Delaviradine; Etravirine)

Question 37

reversibly inhibits _ HIV protease (cleaves HIV polyproteins [gag, gag-pol] to functional parts) virions are packaged but don't mature or infect

Answer 37

Ritonavir/Lopinavir; Amprenavir

Question 38

Prevents_ HCV serine protease cleavage of HCV protein into functional subunits

Answer 38

Boceprevir; Telapravir

Question 39

Binds first Heptad Repeat (HR1) in _ gp41 envelope glycoprotein, prevents conformational changes require for _fusion to cell membrane

Answer 39

Enfurvitide

Question 40

Binds CCR5 receptor on macs, T-cells, dendritic cells, preventing HIV from using CCR5 as a co-receptor _entry of CCR5-tropic HIV

Answer 40

Maraviroc

Question 41

Reversibly inhibits _HIV integrase, preventing viral genome transfer to host cell chromosome

Answer 41

Raltegravir

Question 42

Binds membrane sterols: _memb. permeability (via pores) _ leakage of K+ and Mg+; selectivity via higher affinity for ergosterol (fungal) vs. cholesterol (mammalian)

Answer 42

Amphotericin B

Question 43

Binds membrane sterols: _memb. permeability (via pores) _ leakage of K+ and Mg+; selectivity via higher affinity for ergosterol (fungal) vs. cholesterol (mammalian)

Answer 43

Nystatin

Question 44

inhibits _14-_-demethylase (a P450 dependent microsomal enzyme): _ lanosterol _ ergosterol. Destabilizes fungal membrane

Answer 44

Clotrimazole; Fluconazole (Voriconazole, Terconazole, Posaconazole, Itraconazole)

Question 45

Inhibits _ Squalene Epoxidase _ ergosterol synthesis. Destabilizes fungal membrane. Accumulation of squalene is toxic

Answer 45

Terbinafine (Lamisil); Tolnaftate

Question 46

Inhibits _ glucan synthase complex _ synthesis of _(1,3)-D-Glucan

Answer 46

Caspofungin

Question 47

Prodrug activated via fungal cytosine deaminase _ 5-fluorouracil, 5-FU + _ _ 5FdUMP _ active inhibitor of _ Thymidylate synthetase

Answer 47

Flucytosine