Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Flashcards
(40 cards)
What is an antibiotic?
Must be more injurious to pathogenic organisms than to human body.
Stable, easily absorbed, decisively active against living agents of disease, without harmful side effects and when its done should disappear from the patients body.
What is the activity and main uses of Benzylpenicilliin?
Acitivity:
Streptococci
Neisseria
Spriochetes
Main uses:
Soft tissue, pneumococcal, meningococcal, syphilis infections
What is the activity and main uses of Amoxicillin?
Broad spectrum but resistance is common.
UTI and RTI.
What is the activity and main uses of Flucloxacillin?
Staphylococcal infections.
Used on staph aureus.
What is the activity and main uses of Co-amoxiclav?
Broad spectrum including anaerobes.
UTI, RTI, soft tissue, surgical wound infections.
Works on C.diff.
What is the activity and main uses of Piperacillin/Tazobactam?
Broad spectrum including pseudomonas and anaerobes.
Neutropenic sepsis
IV only.
How do cephalosporins work?
Bind and block activity of enzymes responsible for making peptidoglycan (part of bacterial cell wall).
What is the activity and main action of Cefradine?
broad spectrum
UTI and soft tissue infection
Oral
What is the activity and the man action of Cefuroxime?
Broad spectrum
UTI, RTI, surgical prophylaxis
What is the activity and main uses of Ceftriaxone?
Broad spectrum esp good against Gram-neg bacilli .
Hospital infections eg bacteraemia, pneumonia, abdo sepsis.
What is the activity and main uses of Ceftazidime?
Like ceftriaxone but also active against Pseudomonas.
Pseudomonal infections in hospital and in cystic fibrosis.
What is the activity and main uses of Ceftaroline/Ceftbipirole?
Broad spectrum, less gram negative cover, anti MRSA
Liscensed skin and soft tissue infection, endocarditis.
What is the activity and main uses of Gentamicin and Amikacin?
Gram-neg bacilli
Serious Gram-negative infections eg bacteraemia, endocarditis, neutropenic sepsis.
IV/IM only
Renal and ototoxicity.
What is the activity and main uses of Clarithromycin and Erythromycin?
Streptococci, staphylococci, mycoplasma, chlamydia, legionella.
Resp infection, soft tissue infection (if penicillin allergic), STD.
Erythromycin has GI intolerance.
What is the activity and main uses of Azithromycin?
Relatively better for Gram-neg e.g. Haemophilus; Chlamydia
What is the activity and main uses of Ciprofloxacin?
Gram-negative bacilli, incl. Pseudomonas; some activity against staphylococci and streptococci.
complicated UTI;
complicated hospital acquired Pneumonia;
some GI infections.
What are some complications of Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin/Moxifloxacin?
Tendinitis
Aortic aneurysm rupture
C.diff
Growing cartilage
What is the activity and main uses of Levofloxacin/Moxifloxacin?
Enhanced activity against staphylococci/
streptococci, less against Pseudomonas;
Active against pneumococcus, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Legionella
2nd or 3rd line agent for pneumonia
What is the activity and main uses of Vancomycin and Teicoplanin?
Grampositive bacteria only - streptococci and staphylococci.
MRSA, patients allergic to penicillin, C.diff.
IV/IM only.
Nephrotoxicity.
What is the activity and main uses of Trimethoprim?
Gram-neg bacilli and
some activity against Streptococci and staphylococci.
UTI,
Resp infection,
MRSA
What is the activity and main uses of Co-trimoxazole?
Broad spectrum; Pneumocystis jiroveci.
Respiratory infection,
PCP
Rashes are complications.
What is the activity and main uses of Clindamycin?
Streptococci;
Staphylococci;
anaerobes.
Soft tissue infection,
gangrene
C.diff is a complication.
What is the activity and main uses of tetracycline and
doxycycline?
Streptococci;
Staphylococci;
Chlamydia; rickettsiae;
brucella.
Q fever, Brucellosis, chlamydia, atypical pneumonia, MRSA.
Contraindicated in pregnancy and childhood as it affects teeth and bones.
What is the activity and main uses of Rifampicin?
Mycobacteria
Meningococcus
Staphylococcui
TB, MRSA, meningococcal prophylaxis, complicated staph infections.
Must be used in combination.
