Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Flashcards by Ross Tulloch

What species are benzylpenicillin and penicillin V active on?

Streptococci
Neisseria
Spirochetes

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What are the main uses of benzylpenicillin and penicillin V?

Soft tissue
Pneumococcal
Meningococcal
Gonorrhoea
Syphilis

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What is the activity of amoxicillin?

Broad spectrum but resistance common

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What are the main uses of amoxicillin?

UTI

RTI

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What is the activity of flucloxacillin?

Staphylococci

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What is the main use of flucloxacillin?

Staph aureus infection

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What is the activity of co-amoxiclav?

Broad spectrum including anaerobes

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What are the main uses of co-amoxiclav?

UTI
RTI
Soft tissue infections
Surgical wound infections

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What is the activity of piperacillin and tazobactam?

Broad spectrum including pseudomonas and anaerobes

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What are the main uses of piperacillin and tazobactam?

Neutropenic sepsis

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What are the main penicillins?

Benzylpenicillin
Penicillin V
Amoxicillin
Flucloxacillin
Co-amoxiclav
Piperacillin
Tazobactam

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What are the main cephalosporins?

Cefradine
Cefuroxime
Ceftriaxone
Cefotaxime
Ceftazidime
Ceftaroline
Ceftobipirole

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What is the activity of cefradine?

Broad spectrum

Resistance common

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What are the main uses of cefradine?

UTI

Soft tissue infection

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What is the activity of cefuroxime?

Broad spectrum

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What are the main uses of cefuroxime?

UTI
RTI
Surgical prophylaxis

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What is the activity of ceftriaxone and cefotaxime?

Broad spectrum (especially good against gram negative bacilli)

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What are the main uses of ceftriaxone and cefotaxime?

Hospital infections (bacteraemia, pneumonia, abdominal sepsis)

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What is the activity of ceftazidime?

Broad spectrum but also against pseudomonas

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What are the main uses of ceftazidime?

Pseudomonal infections in hospital

Cystic fibrosis

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What is the activity of ceftaroline/ceftobipirole?

Broad spectrum
Less gram negative cover
Anti MRS

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What are the main uses of ceftaroline/ceftobipirole?

Skin and soft tissue infection

Endocarditis

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What infections are ceftriaxone/cefotaxime a risk factor for?

MRSA
C diff
VRE

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What infections are ceftazidime a risk factor for?

MRSA
C diff
VRE

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What infections are ceftaroline/ceftobipirole a risk factor for?

C diff VRE

What are the common aminoglycosides?

Gentamicin | Amikacin

What is the activity of gentamicin and amikacin?

Gram negative bacilli

What are the main uses of gentamicin and amikacin?

Serious gram negative infections (bacteraemia, endocarditis, neutropenic sepsis)

What are the risk factors of gentamicin and amikacin?

Renal and ototoxicity (Can lose hearing and vestibular function)

What are the common macrolides?

Clarithromycin Eryhtromycin Azithromycin

What is the activity of clarithromycin?

``` Streptococci Staphylococci Mycoplasma Chlamydia Legionella ```

What are the main uses of clarithromycin?

Respiratory infection Soft tissue infection if penicillin allergy STD

What is the activity of erythromycin?

``` Streptococci Staphylococci Mycoplasma Chlamydia Legionella ```

What are the main uses of erythromycin?

Respiratory infection Soft tissue infection if penicillin allergy STD

Which is better tolerated; clarithromycin or erythromycin?

Clarithromycin | Erythromycin can cause GI intolerance

What is the activity of azithromycin?

Gram negative species such as haemophilus or chlamydia

What are the main uses of azithromycin?

Chlamydial

What are the common quinolones?

Ciprofloxacin Levofloxacin Moxifloxacin

What is the activity of ciprofloxacin?

Gram negative bacilli including pseudomonas

What are the main uses of ciprofloxacin?

Complicated UTI Complicated hospital acquired pneumonia Some GI infections

What are the side effects of ciprofloxacin?

Can cause C. diff infection, AAA rupture and tendonitis

What is the activity of levofloxacin/moxifloxacin?

Increased activity on staphylococci and streptococci

What are the main uses of levofloxacin/moxifloxacin?

2nd or 3rd line treatment for pneumonia

What are the side effects of levofloxacin/moxifloxacin?

Association with C. diff | Can affect growing cartilage

What are the common glycopeptides?

Vancomycin | Teicoplanin

What is the activity of vancomycin and teicoplanin?

Gram positive only | Staphylococci/streptococci

What are the main uses of vancomycin and teicoplanin?

MRSA Patients allergic to penicillin C. diff (oral vanc.)

How do you treat a C.diff infection?

Oral vancomycin

What are the potential complications of vancomycin and teicoplanin?

Nephrotoxicity

What is the activity of trimethoprim?

Gram negative bacilli | Some activity against staphylococci and streptococi

What are the main uses of trimethoprim?

UTI Respiratory infection MRSA

What is the activity of co-trimoxazole?

Broad spectrum

What are the main uses of co-trimoxazole?

Respiratory infection | Pneumocystis pneumonia

What are the side effects of co-trimoxazole?

Rashes

What is the activity of clindamycin?

Streptococci Staphylococci Anaerobes

What are the main uses of clindamycin?

Soft tissue infection | Gangrene

What are the side effects of clindamycin?

Association with C. diff

What is the activity of doxycycline and tetracycline?

``` Streptococci Staphylococci Chlamydia Rickettsia Brucella ```

What are the main uses of doxycycline and tetracycline?

``` Q fever Brucellosis Chlamydia Atypical pneumonia MRSA ```

When are tetracycline and doxycycline contraindicated?

Pregnancy and childhood

What is the activity of rifampicin?

Mycobacteria Meningococci Staphylococci

What are the main uses of rifampicin?

Tuberculosis MRSA Meningococcal prophylaxis Complicated staphylococcal infections

What is the activity of meropenem?

Broad spectrum including anaerobes and pseudomonas

What are the main uses of meropenem?

2nd or 3rd line for hospital infections

What is the activity of metronidazole?

Anaerobes and protozoa

What are the main uses of metronidazole?

Surgical infections Giardiasis Amoebiasis Trichomonal infections

What is the activity of linezolid?

Gram positive bacteria only

What are the main uses of linezolid?

2nd line agent for MSSA, MRSA and VRE

What are the side effects of linezolid?

Blood and optic neuropathy

What is the activity of daptomycin?

Gram positive bacteria only

What are the main uses of daptomycin?

2nd line agent for MSSA, MRA and VRE

What are the side effects of daptomycin?

Myositis

What is the activity of tigecycline?

Very broad spectrum

What are the main uses of tigecycline?

Intra-abdominal sepsis | Soft tissue infection

Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Flashcards

(74 cards)