Antimicrobial Pharm

Question 1

what is the MOA of penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, vancomycin

Answer 1

inhibits cell wall synthesis, weakens cell wall, influx of fluid into the cell, the cell swells and bursts and then dies

Question 2

adverse effects of penicillin

Answer 2

urticaria
pruritis
angioedema`

Question 3

what does penicillin interact with

Answer 3

NSAIDs, warfarin, oral contraceptives

Question 4

what is a natural penicillin

Answer 4

Penicillin G &V
lowest

Question 5

what does penicillin G & V treat

Answer 5

gram+
gram- cocci
anaerobic bacteria
spirochetes
IM to treat STDs

Question 6

what is the least toxic penicillin

Answer 6

penicillin G & V / Natural PCNs

Question 7

what drug is a penicillanse resistant PCN

Answer 7

nafcillin

Question 8

indications for nafcillin

Answer 8

for people with who secrete penicillinase enzyme
-most common in patients who have staph bacteria

Question 9

what is the route for nafcillin

Answer 9

IV only

Question 10

what drugs are aminopenicillins

Answer 10

ampicillin
amoxicillin

Question 11

what does amoxicillin most commonly treat

Answer 11

ear, nose, throat, GI, skin infections

Question 12

SE of ampicillin

Answer 12

diarrhea and rash
less common in amoxicillin

Question 13

what is the most intense (broadest spectrum) penicillin

Answer 13

piperacillin

Question 14

what does piperacillin work against

Answer 14

pseudomonal bacteria

Question 15

what is an adverse effect of piperacillin

Answer 15

affect platelet function

Question 16

nursing considerations for piperacillin

Answer 16

always given with beta lactamase inhibitors
watch for patients with renal dysfunction

Question 17

what do general cephalosporin normally treat

Answer 17

uti
sti
meningitis
septicemia
perionitis
gi distress
generalized rash
anaphylaxis
pneumonia

Question 18

adverse side effects of cephalosporin

Answer 18

Mild diarrhea, rash, pruritis, redness, edema, abdominal cramps

Question 19

nursing considerations for cephalosporins

Answer 19

often resistant to beta-lactamase
pregnancy category B - fairly safe for preg
not great oral absorption

Question 20

what drugs are 1st generation cephalosporins

Answer 20

cefazolin
cephalexin

Question 21

indications for cefazolin and cephalexin

Answer 21

skin infections and UTIs

cefazolin is common for surgical prophylaxis

Question 22

nursing considerations for cefazolin and cephalexin

Answer 22

do not work against enterococcal strep infections

cefazolin is IV only

Question 23

what are the 2nd generation cephalosporins

Answer 23

cefuroxime
cefotetan

Question 24

indications for cefuroxime and cefotetan

Answer 24

more gram (-)

cefuroxime - may be used for abdominal infection

Question 25

nursing considerations for cefuroxime and cefotetan

Answer 25

IV and PO cefuroxime does not kill anerobic bacteria

Question 26

what are the 3rd generation cephalosporins

Answer 26

ceftriaxone ceftazidime

Question 27

indications for ceftriaxone and ceftazidime

Answer 27

gram (-) infections ceftazidime works well for pseudomonas

Question 28

nursing considerations for ceftriaxone and ceftazidime

Answer 28

most potent in fighting gram (-), no for gram (+) ceftriaxone - extremely long acting, once a day, can cross blood brain barrier - DO NOT give to liver failure

Question 29

what is the 4th generation cephalosporin

Answer 29

cefepime

Question 30

indications for cefepime

Answer 30

gram (-) and (+) uncomplicated/complicated UTIs and pneumonias

Question 31

which cephalosporins cross the blood brain barrier

Answer 31

cefepime ceftriazone

Question 32

what is the 5th generation cephalosporin

Answer 32

ceftaroline

Question 33

indications for ceftaroline

Answer 33

MRSA, MSSA, VRSA/VISA

Question 34

nursing considerations for ceftaroline

Answer 34

does not work against - enterobacter, pseudomonas, esbl, klebsiella IV only MONITOR KIDNEY

Question 35

Carbapenem drugs

Answer 35

imipenem/cilastin meropenem

Question 36

MOA of cephalosporins

Answer 36

inhibit cell wall synthesis (weaken cell wall) --> cell lysis and death

Question 37

what are imipenem/cilastin and meropenem used for

Answer 37

complicated infections

Question 38

adverse effects of carbapenems

Answer 38

drug induced seizure (more imipenem) meropenem - rash and diarrhea

Question 39

nursing considerations for impenem/cliastin and meropenem

Answer 39

broadest spectrum last resort med MONITOR FOR SEIZURE IV infused OVER 60 min

Question 40

MOA of vancomycin

Answer 40

inhibit cell wall synthesis (weaken cell wall) --> cell lysis and death

Question 41

indications for vancomycin

Answer 41

c.diff pseudomembranous colitis

Question 42

adverse effects of vancomycin

Answer 42

decrease dose for renal dysfunction ototoxicity with high levels immune mediated thrombocytopenia nephrotoxic Red man syndrome - flushing, rash, pruritus, urticaria, tachycardia, hypotension infuse slowly