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Antimicrobial Therapy Flashcards

(70 cards)

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0
Q

Proteus species

A

Gram negative rods

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1
Q

Escherichia coli

A

Gram-negative rods

Has pili/fimbriae that attaches to cells, mc cause of uti

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2
Q

Pseudomonas species

A

Gram negative rods

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3
Q

Neisseria gonorrhea

A

Gram-negative coccibacilli

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4
Q

Bacteria without a cell wall

A

Mycoplasma

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5
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A

Gram positive

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6
Q

Catalase positive

A

Staph, e.coli, pseudomonas

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7
Q

Catalase negative

A

Strep, enterococcus

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8
Q

Bacillus anthracis

A

(Anthrax), gram positive rods, endospore

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9
Q

Clostridium botulinum

A

(Botox), gram positive rods, endospore

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10
Q

Gram positive cocci (aerobes)

A 
S. pnuemoniae-ENT and pulmonary
-PCN
-PCN resistant--cetriaxone or vanc
S. pyogenes
-PCN
-Clinda
S. aureus *skin
-b lactamase negative
    -PCN
    -1st Gen ceph
-b lactamase positive
    -nafcillin
    -oxacillin
-MRSA
    -TMP-SMZ
    -Clindamycin
-Vanc
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12
Q

Gram negative rods/bacilli

A

Escherichia coli (*rod in urine=e. coli), Klebsiella, Proteus

  • TMP-SMZ
  • 1st or 2nd gen Ceph
  • Fluoroquinolones

H. Pylori *Combo Therapy
-PPI (or bismuth) + amoxicillin + clarithromycin
-PCN ALLERGY:
PPI (or bismuth) + metronidazole + clarithromycin

Salmonella and Shigella

  • fluoroquinolones
  • TMP-SMZ
  • Ampicillin

Others :Vibrio, Y. Pestis, Pseudomonas

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13
Q

Gram negative coccobacili and treatment

A

M. Cat- ears and HENT

  • 2nd or 3rd gen Ceph
  • Macrolides

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

  • Ceftriaxone
  • Fluoroquinolones

Neisseria meningitides

  • PCN-G
  • Ceftriaxone

H flu

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13
Q

Gram positive rods/bacilli

A 
Bacilli
-Vanc
-Fluoroquinolones
-Clindamycin
Listeria
-Ampicillin
-TMP-SMZ
Bacillus anthracis**anthrax
- Cipro
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14
Q

Gram positive rods/bacilli

A

Listeria
Streptomyces
Clostridium
Bacillus anthracis

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15
Q

Streptococcus

A

Gram positive cocci in pairs and chains

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16
Q

Enterococcus

A

Gram positive cocci in chains

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17
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

Gram negative coccobacilli

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18
Q

Neisseria meningitis

A

Gram negative coccobacilli

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19
Q

Hemophilus influenzae (H flu)

A

Gram negative coccobacilli

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20
Q

Klebsiella

A

Gram negative rods

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21
Q

Salmonella

A

Gram negative rods

Food born

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22
Q

Shigella

A

Gram negative rods

Food born

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23
Q

Vibrio

A

Gram negative rods

Aquatic, oysters

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24
Y. Pestis
Gram negative rods | Plague
25
Listeria
Gram positive rods
26
Streptomyces
Gram positive rods
27
Lungs
Streptococcus pneumoniae Haemophilus influenzae Chlamydia pneumoniae
28
Wound
Streptococcus pyogenes | Staphylococcus aureus
29
Urine
E. coli Klebsiella Proteus Enterococcus
30
CNS
Streptococcus pneumoniae Neisseria meningitidis *most common Listeria monocytogenes Pseudomonas aeruginosa
31
Tinea
Fungi Ringworm Athletes foot
32
Candida
Fungi Yeast Thrush
33
Cryotococcus
Fungi | CNS infection
34
Histoplasma
Fungi | CNS infection
35
Ex of viruses
``` Influenza Hep a, b, c, d, e RSV Herpes Adenovirus Poliovirus Rhinovirus- upper resp Coxsackle- upper resp ```
36
Avoid in Pregnancy
``` Aminoglycosides Tetracyclines Chloramphenicol Fluoroquinolones PZD -Sulfonamides, antivirals and antifungals are used very cautiously ```
37
Giardia
Prokaryote seen in GI
38
Trichomonas
Protozoa seen in GU
39
Pneumocystis jiroveci
Protozoa seen in lungs | "PCP pneumonia"
40
Bacteriostatic
Clindamycin, tetracycline, macrolides, sulfonamides
41
Bactericidal
Beta-lactam(PCN), aminoglycosides (post anti-bx effect), fluoroquinolones (post anti-bx effect), Vance
42
Penicillin G
PCN, beta lactam, cell wall inhibitor, bacteriacidal Aqueous PCN G ( Iv) Procaine PCN G (IM) Benzathine PCN G (IM-long acting) Covers gram +, gram - cocci, and non beta lactamase producering anaerobes S pneumoniae, s. pyogenes, staph, strep Treponema pallidum
43
Avoid or Adjust in Renal Disease
``` Vanc Fluoroquinolones AMinnoglycosides Ethambutol Nitrofurantoin Ampho B (anti-fungal) Acyclovir (antiviral) ```
44
Avoid or Adjust in Hepatic Disease
``` Antivirals **Antifungals** Chloramphenicol Clindamycin Tetracyclines Metronidazole ```
45
Medications not removed by dialysis
``` Ampho B Ceftriaxone Erythromycin Nafcillin Tetracycline Vanc ```
46
Anaerobes and treatment
``` C. diff** -metronidazole -vanc po Bacteriodes -Metronidazole -Clinda M. tuberculosis -isoniazod + rifampin + ethambutol + PYZ - Streptomycin is alternative Mycoplasma pneumoniae -Tetracycline -Azithromycin - Fluoroquinolones Chlamydia -azithromycin -tetracycline ```
47
Spirochetes and treatment
``` Borrelia burgdorferi (lyme disease) -doxy (tick born) -amoxicillin -ceftriaxone Treponema species (syphilis -long acting PCN -ceftriaxone ```
48
Acute Otitis Media, Sinusitis
H. flu, s. pneumoniae, m cats - 1st line: amoxicillin or TMP-SMZ - 2nd line or resistance: Amoxicillin-clavulinic acid
49
Cellulitis
s. aureus**most common, group a strep - PCNase resistant PCN - 1st gen ceph - Vanc-if concerned MRSA - Clinda
50
Meningitis
pneumococcus, meningicoccus, h flu -Ceftriaxone (crosses BBB) -vanc in neonates: ampicillin, gent
51
Peritonitis from ruptured viscus (anaerobes)
metronidazole and 3rd gen ceph | piperacillin and tazobactam
52
Mammal Bites
amoxicillin-clavulinic acid
53
Throat
streptococcus, c. ditheriae, s.aureus - PCN - Macrolides if sensitive to PCN
54
GU
E. coli** - TMP-SMZ (bactram) - Fluoroquilonolones - Nitrofurantoin
55
comm acquired pna
pneumococcus, mycoplasma, h flu, legionella, s aureus - outpatient: azithromycin, doxy, amoxicillin, quinolones - inpatient: macrolide + 3rd gen ceph or macrolide + quinolone and +/- carbapenem
56
Nosocomial Pna
3rd gen ceph + quinolone carbapenem +/- Vanc
57
Sepsis
``` FLUIDS!!! vanc 3rd gen ceph carbapenem maybe quinolone also ```
58
bacterial endocarditis
vanc + gent
59
gonorrhea
TREAT FOR CHLAMYDIA TOO ceftriaxone 250 mg IM/IV and chlamydia tx
60
Chlamydia
TREAT FOR GONORRHEA TOO azrithromycin 1 gm PO or Doxy or Levoquin x 7 days and gon tx
61
Trichomoniasis
Metronidazole 2 gm PO or 500 mg BID x 7 days
62
Syphilis
primary (canker present) and secondary (rash present)- tx with PCN G 2.4 mill units IM or Doxy 100 mg BID x 14 days latent- PCN G 2.4 mill units IM x 3 doses 1 week apart or Doxy x 4 weeks neurosyph- PCN G IV or IM daily + Probenecaid x 14 days
63
Meningitis exposure
Cipro | rifampin
64
Pertussis exposure
azithromycin
65
diphtheria exposure
PCN | Macrolides
66
**anthrax exposure
cipro | doxy
67
prevent endocarditis
amoxicillin | cindamycin
68
prevent otitis media
amoxicillin
69
prevent chronic uti
TMP-SMZ | nitrofurantoin

Pharmacotherapeutics (2 decks)

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